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The Making Of The Global World FULL CHAPTER | Class 10th History | Chapter 3 | Udaan

UDAAN・123 minutes read

The chapter delves into the history of globalization, emphasizing trade routes, cultural exchanges, and the impact of biological warfare on native populations. It further discusses the emergence of independent socialist states post-Soviet Union breakup and China's economic growth due to policies attracting foreign investment.

Insights

  • The chapter "The Making of the Global World" discusses the history of globalization, focusing on the movement of people, capital, and technology across borders.
  • The chapter emphasizes the historical significance of trade routes like the Silk Route and India's role in international trade, particularly in spices and textiles.
  • The impact of European colonization on America and the exploitation of its resources is highlighted, including the use of biological warfare to gain control.
  • Technological advancements like railways and refrigeration revolutionized transportation and preservation of goods, significantly impacting world trade from 1820 to 1914.

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Recent questions

  • What is the significance of the Silk Route?

    The Silk Route was a historical trade route connecting Asia and Europe, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between different regions. It played a crucial role in the development of global trade and cultural exchanges, highlighting the interconnectedness of civilizations through commerce.

  • How did the Irish Potato Famine impact Ireland?

    The Irish Potato Famine, caused by potato blight, led to over 10 lakh deaths due to starvation in Ireland between 1845-1849. The famine devastated the Irish population, highlighting the importance of agricultural diversity and the consequences of relying heavily on a single crop for sustenance.

  • What were the effects of European colonization in America?

    European colonization in America resulted in the exploitation of mineral and forest resources, leading to significant changes in the landscape and indigenous populations. Colonizers used tactics like biological warfare, impacting native populations and shaping the course of history in the region.

  • How did the Great Depression affect India?

    The Great Depression had a profound impact on India, particularly on the agricultural sector, causing a significant drop in prices and leading to civil disobedience against British tax policies. The economic downturn highlighted the interconnectedness of global economies and the ripple effects of financial crises on developing countries like India.

  • Why did multinational companies shift production to Asia?

    Multinational companies shifted production to Asia due to the availability of inexpensive labor, making it a cost-effective location for manufacturing operations. The transition of China into a manufacturing hub post-1949, along with liberal policies attracting foreign investment, created favorable conditions for companies seeking to reduce production costs by relocating to Asian countries.

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Summary

00:00

Globalization and Trade Routes in History

  • The chapter discussed is titled "The Making of the Global World."
  • The chapter is relevant for CBSE students and covers topics like Conquest Disease and Trade.
  • The chapter is essential for CBSE board exams, focusing on specific topics.
  • The chapter delves into the history of globalization and economic systems.
  • Globalization involves the movement of people, capital, and technology across borders.
  • The chapter highlights the historical significance of trade routes like the Silk Route.
  • India's role in international trade, particularly in spices and textiles, is emphasized.
  • The chapter also touches on the influence of Christian and Islamic missionaries on trade routes.
  • The exchange of cultural elements, like food, through trade routes is explored.
  • The evolution of food items like noodles into international dishes is discussed, showcasing cultural exchanges through trade.

11:53

"Exploration, Exploitation, and Biological Warfare in History"

  • China's history reveals the discovery of various foods like potatoes, soybeans, corn, tomatoes, and green chilies.
  • The origin of many foods consumed today was discovered by American Indians.
  • The Irish Potato Famine of 1845-1849 was caused by a fungal disease known as potato blight, leading to starvation and death.
  • The famine resulted in over 10 lakh deaths due to starvation in Ireland.
  • The discovery of America by Europeans led to the exploitation of its mineral and forest resources.
  • India's strategic location at the head of the Indian Ocean facilitated trade routes to Asia and Europe.
  • European colonization of America in the 16th century was driven by the desire to exploit its resources.
  • Colonizers did not use military weapons but resorted to biological warfare, such as using the smallpox virus against native populations.
  • Isolation of American populations led to vulnerability to diseases like smallpox due to lack of immunity.
  • The use of biological warfare, like the intentional spread of viruses, was a tactic employed by colonizers to gain control.

25:06

"Virus Spread, Devastation, Global Trade Shift"

  • Infected individuals should not engage in activities like cooking curry due to the risk of spreading the virus.
  • The virus can easily spread from one person to another, leading to widespread infection in an area.
  • Lack of proper medication can result in the virus spreading unchecked.
  • The impact of the virus can be devastating, causing destruction at various levels from villages to countries.
  • The use of military weapons is suggested to combat the virus effectively.
  • Poverty and hunger were prevalent issues in Europe during the 19th century.
  • Religious disputes often led to conflicts and persecution in European villages.
  • The Crusades and battles between different religious groups caused significant turmoil in Europe.
  • People fleeing Europe due to various reasons settled in America, leading to a shift in global trade dynamics.
  • The 18th century saw a significant change in trade patterns, with India and China being key players in the world economy.

37:28

British Labor Migration and Global Trade Expansion

  • Britain has created employment in areas with demand for labor, which was previously limited due to lack of demand.
  • Labor is needed for grain cultivation, and many people have left Britain in search of work in farming.
  • The construction of railways and ports has facilitated the transportation of grains from agricultural regions to sea ports for export.
  • Labor flows from different countries to areas with demand, such as Australia and Eastern Europe, for employment opportunities.
  • Money from London is used for farming and trade, with labor moving to various regions like America and Australia.
  • The British government invested in canal construction in Punjab to enhance agricultural productivity for international markets.
  • The growth of world trade from 1820 to 1914 increased significantly, with primary products like cotton and minerals dominating trade.
  • Technological advancements like railways and refrigeration revolutionized transportation and preservation of goods, reducing costs and improving trade.
  • Colonialism in the late 19th century led to the exploitation of resources in Asia and Africa by European powers, dividing territories among themselves.
  • Belgium and Germany emerged as new colonial powers in the late 19th century, acquiring territories previously held by Spain and the Netherlands.

48:58

European Powers Influence and Control in Africa

  • Moroccans have control over the pen in Africa.
  • French occupied West Africa and improved the fans.
  • Libya and Egypt are under French control.
  • Eritrea is under French influence.
  • Somaliland is divided by the French.
  • Britain and Italy paid taxes in Africa.
  • German East Africa and German South West Africa are occupied by Germany.
  • Portugal has a presence in Africa.
  • Spanish, German, Italian, and Belgian influences are seen in Africa.
  • European powers exploited African labor through forceful methods and ownership.

01:00:33

Diverse Workers, Sanam, and Cotton Exports

  • The worker inside the locations is coming from different places.
  • To stay alive, it is necessary to have Sanam.
  • Muharram procession used to take place and converted into a carnival.
  • Chutney music is a fusion of Bhojpuri Folk Music of India and Caribbean music.
  • Indian bankers provided money for agriculture trade.
  • India exported cotton to Britain, leading to a surplus in trade.
  • Britain managed expenses in India through home charge.
  • Kutch cotton exports increased from 5% to 35% between 1812-1871.
  • Indigo and opium were important commodities exported from India.
  • Multilateral Settlement is a way to sort out a country's debt through business.

01:11:25

"Britain's Multilateral Settlement with India"

  • Britain is dealing with financial problems by doing business with India and using the profit to settle debts with third countries.
  • The process is referred to as multilateral settlement, involving donors and financial restructuring.
  • The impact of the First World War on economies led to significant changes in industrial production.
  • The war involved major powers like Britain, France, Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.
  • The war was known as the first industrial war due to the mass production of weapons and machinery.
  • The concept of mass production, pioneered by Henry Ford, revolutionized the economy and increased demand for goods.
  • Banks started giving loans easily, leading to increased consumer demand and economic growth.
  • Short-term loans were given to countries to help them recover from the crisis.
  • The Great Depression was caused by overproduction in agriculture, leading to a surplus of goods and widespread unemployment.
  • The agricultural community, especially farmers, suffered the most during the Great Depression due to the collapse of the market.

01:22:39

"Global Economic Events: Causes and Effects"

  • Excessive production without increased demand leads to a surplus, causing prices to fall.
  • Loans given to countries may not be repaid on time, leading to losses for the lending company.
  • Failure to repay loans can result in losses for banks, impacting the overall banking system.
  • Economic depression can lead to panic, causing people to withdraw money from the market.
  • The Great Depression impacted India's agricultural sector, leading to a significant drop in prices.
  • The British government's tax policies during the Great Depression led to civil disobedience in India.
  • The impact of the Great Depression varied between urban middle classes and farmers.
  • The Second World War led to the emergence of the United Nations and the Cold War between superpowers.
  • The establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank aimed to stabilize economies post-war.
  • The Bretton Woods system fixed exchange rates to stabilize international monetary systems.

01:34:02

Economic Growth and Challenges in Developing Countries

  • 1 US dollar equals 50 Indian rupees, with a fixed exchange rate of ₹35 for 1 account of gold.
  • The UK Wood System was established, boosting growth in industrial countries like Western Europe and Japan.
  • World trade increased by 8% between 1950 and 1970, while people's income rose by 5%.
  • Unemployment rates were high in Western countries during this period, with rates below 5% in most countries.
  • The World Bank and IMF were created to assist industrial and Western countries with financial needs.
  • The focus of the World Bank shifted towards developing countries in the late 1950s.
  • Developing countries faced challenges with loans from Western banks, leading to increased debts and poverty.
  • Developing countries formed the G77 group to demand a New International Economic Order for fair trade and resource control.
  • Globalization began in the 1960s, leading to conflicts in different countries and increased US expenses.
  • Unemployment rose in industrial countries from the 1970s to the 1990s, with multinational companies shifting production to Asia for cost savings.

01:44:59

Asia: Cheap Labor Attracts Multinational Companies

  • Labor in Asia is inexpensive, making it an attractive location for multinational companies seeking to save money by shifting operations to these countries.
  • China, post-1949, transitioned into a manufacturing hub due to its liberal policies, offering cheap labor and favorable conditions for foreign businesses to set up operations.
  • The breakup of the Soviet Union led to the emergence of independent socialist states, with government control impacting the taste of goods produced, while China's economic growth was fueled by policies attracting foreign investment and manufacturing.
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