The Making of Global World Class 10 cbse full chapter (Animation) | Class 10 History Chapter 3

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Globalization has a deep historical context, linking countries through trade and cultural exchange, with examples like the Silk Route facilitating the sharing of goods and ideas. The New International Economic Order aimed to create fair economic support and resource access for developing countries, marking the start of modern globalization and shaping global economic shifts post-1960.

Insights

  • The Silk Route, an ancient network of trade routes, facilitated the exchange of goods like silk, textiles, and spices, showcasing vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural connections between different regions.
  • The transition from a fixed to a floating exchange rate system, along with global economic shifts post-1960, led to developing nations accumulating high debts from Western banks, resulting in increased poverty in regions like Africa and Latin America, highlighting the impact of economic policies on global inequality and development.

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Recent questions

  • What is globalization?

    Globalization connects countries through trade, history, and business, with the current era being defined by advanced globalization.

  • What were the Silk Routes?

    The Silk Route was a network of ancient trade routes facilitating the exchange of goods like Chinese silk, Indian textiles, and spices.

  • How did the invention of the refrigerator impact meat transportation?

    The invention of the refrigerator replaced the old method, allowing for slaughtering in America and transportation in refrigerated conditions.

  • What was the impact of the Great Depression on America?

    The Great Depression impacted America with banks stopping loans, increased foreclosures, business closures, and rising unemployment.

  • What was the New International Economic Order?

    The New International Economic Order aimed to ensure developing countries received fair prices for resources, access to manufactured goods, and protection from exploitation by powerful nations, marking the beginning of globalization.

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Summary

00:00

Ancient trade routes shape modern globalization.

  • Globalization connects countries through trade, history, and business, with the current era being defined by advanced globalization.
  • Thousands of years ago, people traveled for various purposes, leading to the exchange of goods, skills, ideas, and diseases.
  • International trade existed in ancient times, evidenced by currencies like cowries and the Silk Routes linking Asia, Europe, and Africa.
  • The Silk Route was a network of ancient trade routes facilitating the exchange of goods like Chinese silk, Indian textiles, and spices.
  • Along the Silk Route, cultural exchange occurred through the travel of Christian missionaries, Muslim preachers, and Buddhist monks.
  • The Silk Route exemplifies vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between different parts of the world.
  • The introduction of foods like noodles from China and pasta from Arab countries to Western nations occurred through trade routes.
  • Christopher Columbus' accidental discovery of America in the 16th century led to the exchange of crops, including potatoes, which later caused the Great Irish Famine.
  • Europe's colonization of America in the 16th century was driven by the desire for resources like gold and silver, leading to the spread of diseases and conquest.
  • The 19th century saw rapid changes globally, with flows of trade, labor, and capital transforming societies and economies, driven by factors like population growth and technological advancements.

16:31

Refrigeration Revolutionizes Meat Transportation and Trade

  • Meat used to be sent to Europe through ships, with live animals being transported and slaughtered upon reaching Europe.
  • The issue with this method was the large number of live animals, risking death, illness, and unfit meat.
  • The invention of the refrigerator replaced the old method, allowing for slaughtering in America and transportation in refrigerated conditions.
  • Refrigeration made meat transportation easier, occupying less space and keeping the meat fresh for longer periods.
  • The availability of meat increased in Europe, leading to decreased prices and improved access for the poor.
  • In the late 19th century, European trade flourished, benefiting Europe but causing suffering and loss in colonized countries.
  • European powers held meetings to divide Africa for colonization, exploiting its resources and imposing control.
  • Europeans used various methods to force Africans into labor, including disease spread and oppressive measures.
  • Indentured labor from India was sent to various countries like the Caribbean Islands, Mauritius, and Fiji due to economic conditions.
  • Indian traders like the Shikarpur Shop and Hyderabadi Sindhi played significant roles in financing and expanding trade with foreign countries.

32:15

Economic shifts from war to depression era

  • During the war, there was an economic boom due to increased employment in factories.
  • After the war, reduced demand led to decreased production and employment, affecting factory workers' wages.
  • Eastern Europe was a major wheat producer before the war, but production decreased during the war.
  • Countries like Canada and Australia increased wheat production during the war due to Europe's reduced production.
  • Post-war, Europe resumed wheat production, leading to oversupply and reduced demand, causing price drops and farmer losses.
  • Henry Ford introduced mass production through the Assembly Line Method, significantly increasing production and reducing costs.
  • Meat production increased from 2 million in 1999 to 5 million in 1929, including white goods like refrigerators and radios.
  • The Great Depression from 1929 to mid-1930 saw declining production, employment, income, and trade worldwide.
  • The Great Depression impacted America with banks stopping loans, increased foreclosures, business closures, and rising unemployment.
  • The New International Economic Order was demanded by developing countries through the G77 group for fairer economic support and resource utilization.

48:04

Global Economic Shifts Post-1960: A Summary

  • The New International Economic Order aimed to ensure developing countries received fair prices for resources, access to manufactured goods, and protection from exploitation by powerful nations, marking the beginning of globalization. Post-1960, global economic shifts occurred due to investments in various countries, leading to economic downturns when prices fell, weakening financial growth. The transition from a fixed to a floating exchange rate system impacted economies, with developing nations accumulating high debts from Western banks, resulting in increased poverty in regions like Africa and Latin America. China's economic rise was fueled by cheap labor, attracting multinational companies and propelling it to superpower status, while India also experienced rapid economic growth. This interconnectedness among nations underscores the ongoing global economic ties and transformations.
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