Microorganisms Friends and Foe | Class 8 Science Chapter 2 | CBSE 2024 #live #livestream

Magnet Brains・2 minutes read

Dr. Muskan explains the characteristics of various microorganisms, highlighting their roles in different processes like fermentation in curd production and the importance of vaccines in immunity. Microorganisms like yeast play a crucial role in fermentation processes for making products like bread, beer, and wine, while antibiotics are specific to combatting bacterial infections and not viruses like the common cold.

Insights

  • Microorganisms, such as bacteria, algae, protozoa, and fungi, are essential for various processes like fermentation in curd production and cleaning the environment by decomposing organic matter.
  • Yeast plays a crucial role in the production of various items like bread, beer, and wine through fermentation, producing carbon dioxide and alcohol, showcasing its significance in the baking and brewing industries.

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Recent questions

  • What are microorganisms?

    Tiny organisms like bacteria, algae, and fungi.

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Summary

00:00

"Microorganisms: Tiny Friends and Foes"

  • Dr. Muskan introduces the session on microorganisms, focusing on microorganism types and their characteristics.
  • Microorganisms are named so due to their minuscule size, only visible under a microscope.
  • Examples of microorganisms include bacteria, algae, protozoa, and fungi.
  • Fungal molds growing on bread are an example of microorganisms not visible to the naked eye.
  • Viruses, like bacteriophages, are unique microorganisms that can affect bacteria.
  • Viruses replicate inside host cells and cannot function independently.
  • Microorganisms can be both friends and enemies, with some aiding in medicine and vaccine production.
  • Friendly microorganisms help in various processes like curd, bread, and alcohol production.
  • Microorganisms play a crucial role in cleaning the environment by decomposing organic matter.
  • Lactobacillus bacteria in curd promote fermentation, converting milk into curd through the breakdown of casein protein into a fibrous structure.

20:34

Fermentation and Yeast in Food Production

  • Lactose is the original sugar in milk, broken down into lactic acid, which acts on globular protein, converting it into fibrocystic.
  • Denaturation occurs when the bonds in the protein break, changing its structure to fibrous, resulting in thick consistency in curd.
  • For milk to coagulate, fermentation temperature should be 35 to 40 degrees Celsius.
  • Fermentation is exemplified by making curd from milk, and yeast powder is used in making cakes and bakery items.
  • Fermentation involves the production of carbon dioxide and alcohol when sugar reacts with yeast, increasing dough size.
  • Yeast is crucial in the baking industry for its role in dough expansion due to carbon dioxide production.
  • Yeast is also used in the commercial production of alcohol and wine, grown on natural sugars like barley, wheat, rice, or crushed fruit juice.
  • Fermentation is essential for producing beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages, with yeast playing a key role in the process.
  • Vaccines work by introducing weakened or dead bacteria into the body, stimulating white blood cells to produce antibodies for future immunity.
  • Microorganism mass is vital in various industries, including the production of soy sauce, curd, cheese, beer, wine, bread, and cakes.

42:03

Yeast, Antibiotics, and Vaccines: A Summary

  • The equation for the process discussed involves yeast, sugar, and the production of carbon dioxide and alcohol.
  • Yeast is used in the production of bread, alcohol, and Dhokla, but not for antibiotics.
  • Antibiotics are prescribed by doctors to combat bacterial infections, not viral illnesses like the common cold.
  • Antibiotics work against bacteria, not viruses, and vaccines help the body produce antibodies to fight off infections.
  • Antibiotics can be static, stopping the growth of microbes, or cidal, killing them.
  • The Pulse Polio Program involves administering two drops of the polio vaccine to children to eradicate polio globally.
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