Structural organization in animals FULL CHAPTER | Class 11th Zoology | Arjuna NEET
Arjuna NEETγ»51 minutes read
Frogs are insect-eating animals with unique digestive enzymes, skin, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, and reproductive systems, crucial for maintaining ecological balance and completing 11th-grade science studies.
Insights
- Frogs play a vital role in ecosystems by consuming insects, aiding in crop protection, maintaining ecological balance, and serving as a key component of the food chain.
- The anatomy and physiology of frogs are complex, involving unique features like skin color-changing abilities, cutaneous respiration, a specialized digestive system, and a three-chambered heart, showcasing their adaptation to both aquatic and terrestrial environments.
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Recent questions
What are the two parts of a frog's body?
Head and trunk
How do frogs respire in water?
Cutaneous respiration
What is the function of the frog's digestive system?
Digestion and absorption
How do frogs regulate body temperature?
Hibernation and summer sleep
What is the reproductive process of frogs?
External fertilization
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Summary
00:00
"Frogs: Insect-Eating Amphibians with Unique Anatomy"
- Frogs are flush-eating animals that exclusively consume insects.
- A frog's fat-digesting enzyme can only digest emulsified fat and nothing else.
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes cranial and spinal nerves, with the medulla oval being a part of it.
- The foramen magnum is where the spinal cord exits the skull and continues down the body.
- The frog's body is divided into two parts: the head and the trunk, lacking both a neck and a tail.
- Amphibians, like frogs, belong to the phylum Chordata and the class Amphibia, living in both water and on land.
- Frogs have two parts to their body: the head with eyes, nose, and ears, and the trunk with limbs.
- Frog eyes are simple, with one lens each, located in eye orbits with movable eyelids and a nictitating membrane for protection.
- Frogs have two pairs of limbs: front legs with four fingers and back legs with five webbed fingers for swimming.
- Frog skin is smooth, slimy, and glandular due to mucus secretion, aiding in respiration and maintaining moisture.
15:23
Animal Camouflage and Frog Digestive System
- Meta Cross is the ability to change skin color for protection from enemies.
- Animals change skin color to match their environment, making them invisible to predators.
- This protective mimicry helps animals evade detection by enemies.
- The frog's skin color changes from olive green with dark spots on the dorsal surface to pale yellow on the ventral surface.
- Cold-blooded animals like frogs have variable body temperatures that adjust slightly with environmental changes.
- Frogs undergo hibernation in winter and summer sleep to regulate body temperature extremes.
- The frog's digestive system consists of an alimentary canal and digestive gland.
- Carnivorous animals like frogs have a shorter alimentary canal compared to herbivorous animals.
- Digestion in frogs involves capturing food with a bi-lobed tongue, followed by partial digestion in the stomach and complete digestion in the small intestine.
- Villi and microvilli in the small intestine increase the surface area for high absorption of digested food, with undigested waste passing through the rectum and cloaca.
30:19
Frog Respiration, Circulation, and Excretion Overview
- Frogs live both on land and in water, with respiration occurring through the skin when in water, known as cutaneous respiration.
- When frogs are on land, respiration can happen through the buccal cavity, skin, and lungs simultaneously.
- Regardless of the environment, frogs respire through the skin in all situations, even when burrowed deep in the ground to escape extreme temperatures.
- Frogs absorb water through their skin and never drink it, aiding in respiration.
- Air reaches the frog's lungs through the nostrils, buccal cavity, and then the lungs, which have a single pair of chambers.
- The circulatory system of frogs includes a three-chambered heart with atria, ventricles, pericardium, sinus venosus, and conus arteriosus.
- Frog blood consists of plasma, red blood cells with a nucleus and hemoglobin, white blood cells, and platelets.
- The lymphatic system in frogs comprises lymph, lymph channels, and lymph nodes, with differences from blood due to the absence of RBCs and large plasma proteins.
- Frogs possess a hepatomegaly, renal portal system, and both portal systems in their bodies.
- The excretory system of frogs involves a pair of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and the excretion of urea, making them ureolytic animals.
46:04
Frog's Ureolytic System and Nervous Coordination
- Frog excretes urea, making it a ureolytic animal.
- Frog's excretory system is followed by control and coordination systems.
- Endocrine and nervous systems work together for control and coordination.
- Frog's nervous system consists of CNS, PNS, and the Autonomous Nervous System.
- CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, while PNS has cranial and spinal nerves.
- Frog's brain is divided into forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
- Midbrain of the frog has two optic lobes, known as corpora bigemina.
- Hindbrain of the frog includes cerebellum and medulla oblongata.
- Male frog's reproductive system has testes attached to kidneys via mesorchium.
- Sperm production occurs in testes, travels through vas deferens to cloaca for mating.
01:01:16
Frog Reproduction, Benefits, and Culinary Uses
- The female reproductive system has separate openings for urine, ureter, and oviduct, with the ova produced in the ovary and passing through the oviduct into the cloaca outside the body for fertilization in water.
- The male reproductive system releases sperm through the cloacal opening, leading to fertilization in water where the male and female gametes meet, with the tadpole larva undergoing metamorphosis into an adult in a process called metamorphosis.
- Frogs are beneficial as they eat insects, helping to protect crops, contribute to ecological balance as a crucial link in the food chain, and in some countries, their muscular legs are consumed to alleviate hunger, completing the study of the 11th-grade topics.
