What is the Saptanga Theory?

Seven essential components for governing a country

SOCIAL SCIENCE LIVE - Ideas and Early States | CLASS 9 | AEGON LEARNING #onamexam2024 summary

Name: SOCIAL SCIENCE LIVE - Ideas and Early States | CLASS 9 | AEGON LEARNING #onamexam2024
Uploaded: 2024-08-31T17:28:41.930Z

Buddhism and Jainism were two significant religious beliefs that emerged in India in the sixth century, contributing to the diverse spiritual landscape of the region.
The Saptanga Theory introduced by Kautilya emphasized the essential components for governing a successful nation, highlighting the importance of leadership, administration, finance, justice, fortification, allies, and territory in the Mauryan Kingdom's governance structure.

00:00

The chapter discusses two new religious beliefs that emerged in India in the sixth century: Buddhism and Jainism.
These new ideas and religious beliefs are referred to as Ideas and Early States in the chapter.
The Early States in India were the first nations that existed, with 16 kingdoms known as Mahajanapadas.
The most powerful among the 16 Mahajanapadas was Magadha, which became strong due to fertile soil, iron ore, and elephants used in war.
Magadha's strength was also attributed to the Ganga River and its tributaries, which facilitated transportation of goods.
Kings like Bimbisara and Ajatashatru ruled Magadha, belonging to the Hariyanka and Sishunaga dynasties.
The Maurya Kingdom was established with Magadha as its center, founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 321 BCE.
Chandragupta Maurya's minister, Kautilya or Chanakya, wrote the book Arthashastra, which includes the Saptanga Theory for governing a country.
The Saptanga Theory outlines the seven essential components for a successful nation, including Swami, Amatya, Kosa, Danda, Durgam, Mitram, and Janapada.
The chapter concludes by encouraging students to study the second chapter on the plain vegetation inside the Himalayas and to bring friends to the next class.

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Arthasastra is a book by Kautilya, introducing the Saptanga Theory, defining a nation's needs.
King Ashoka, a powerful Mauryan king, conquered Kalinga, leading to a change of heart after witnessing the devastation of war.
Ashoka embraced Buddhism, promoting peace and tolerance through his Ashoka Stamma program.
The Mauryan kings divided India into provinces, appointing governors to rule each part.
The Mauryan army consisted of infantry, Gajasena (elephant division), Guard Cavalry, chariots, and navy.
Ashoka's Dhamma emphasized respect for elders, teachers, kindness to slaves and the sick, and peaceful coexistence.
Trade flourished during the Mauryan era, evidenced by Punch Marked Coins and goods transported via land, sea, and rivers.
Sethis and Satvahakar were traders during the Mauryan period.
In Greece, city-states like Eden, Sparta, Corinth, and Athens emerged, with Eden known for an early form of democracy.
Eden's system of governance allowed citizenship for all males over 30, excluding slaves, women, artisans, and foreigners.

38:34

A city-state consists of a city and surrounding agricultural villages, with the first form of Eden being a city-state where only men above 30 years of age gathered for special meetings, excluding women, slaves, and outsiders.