NMN, NR, Resveratrol, Metformin & Other Longevity Molecules | Lifespan with Dr. David Sinclair #4
David Sinclair・2 minutes read
Lifespan podcast hosted by David Sinclair and Matthew LaPlante delves into aging science and discusses ways to slow, stop, and reverse aging, focusing on popular supplements like NR, NMN, and Metformin to enhance longevity pathways and combat aging. Various supplements and drugs like resveratrol, rapamycin, spermidine, and berberine are explored for their potential benefits in extending lifespan, improving metabolic health, and reducing the risks of age-related diseases in humans and animals.
Insights
- NAD, a crucial molecule for energy production and cellular processes, decreases with age, impacting the body's ability to combat aging and diseases.
- NMN, a potent NAD booster, shows promising results in enhancing mitochondrial function, improving insulin sensitivity, and extending lifespan in animal studies, with ongoing human trials at Harvard Medical School.
- Resveratrol, a compound found in red wine, demonstrates various health benefits, including increased insulin sensitivity, reduced fasting glucose, and potential cancer suppression, with recommended daily intake for efficacy.
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Recent questions
What is the role of NAD in the body?
NAD, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is a crucial molecule for transferring hydrogen atoms in cells, essential for energy production and activating defensive enzymes called sirtuins. As the body ages, NAD levels decrease, impacting the body's ability to combat aging and diseases. Popular NAD boosters like NR and NMN help replenish NAD levels, improving mitochondrial function, reducing inflammation, and potentially extending lifespan.
How do NMN and NR impact NAD levels?
NMN and NR are popular NAD boosters that play a significant role in raising NAD levels in the body. NR, or nicotinamide riboside, is converted to NMN, then to NAD, mimicking caloric restriction and enhancing genome stability. NMN, considered more effective than NR, potentially due to the presence of phosphate, enhances insulin sensitivity, restores NAD levels, and improves mitochondrial function. Studies have shown that both NMN and NR can increase NAD levels, lower inflammation, and have positive effects on body composition.
What are the potential benefits of resveratrol?
Resveratrol, found in red wine but not recommended in large quantities for its benefits, has shown various positive effects in animal and human studies. It has been linked to increased metabolic rate, protection against free radicals, improved insulin sensitivity, and reduced fasting glucose levels. Resveratrol has also demonstrated effects on body composition, metabolic rate, glucose levels, and cardiovascular health. When taken in daily doses of 250-2000 milligrams, preferably mixed with food, resveratrol can potentially mimic caloric restriction and offer various health benefits.
How does Metformin impact aging and health?
Metformin, widely used for diabetes, is an AMPK activator that improves energy production and insulin signaling by activating complex one. It has shown benefits in lowering glucose levels, increasing energy, reducing inflammation, and improving muscle type switching in animals and humans. Metformin has been associated with lower risks of diseases like cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer's, and frailty in elderly individuals. Despite potential side effects like lactic acidosis and muscle loss, doctors are increasingly prescribing Metformin off-label for its potential anti-aging benefits.
What are the potential effects of rapamycin on lifespan?
Rapamycin and rapalogs, which inhibit mTOR and mimic fasting, have shown potential for extending lifespan in various organisms. Animals given rapamycin mimic low protein intake, inducing autophagy to recycle old proteins. Giving rapamycin late in life has been shown to extend lifespan, although it could be toxic and is currently unavailable for human use. Low doses of rapamycin are considered for potential lifespan extension, with ongoing research into its effects on aging and health.
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