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Nationalism in India- One shot | Class 10 Chapter 2 | History | Social Science CBSE

BYJU'S - Class 9 & 10・106 minutes read

Ankita from 9th and Ten Channel by Juice hosts a special history class focusing on "Nationalism in India," covering key movements led by Gandhi and emphasizing the impact of World War I. The chapter delves into Gandhi's initiatives supporting farmers and mill workers, the Rowlatt Act, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and the subsequent movements like the Khilafat and non-cooperation movements, highlighting the challenges faced and the unity sought in India's fight for independence.

Insights

The class on "Nationalism in India" emphasizes key movements like non-cooperation and civil disobedience led by Gandhi, showcasing their significance for exams.
Gandhi's arrival in India from Africa in 1915 introduced the concept of Satyagraha, emphasizing truth and non-violence as potent tools for change.
The Rowlatt Act of 1919 aimed to suppress political activities and detain prisoners without trial, leading to Gandhi's nationwide satyagrah and the tragic Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
The Civil Disobedience Movement, initiated in 1930, saw various forms of resistance like breaking the salt law, with rich and poor peasants, industrialists, and women actively participating but facing challenges due to British aggression and eventual arrests of leaders.

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Recent questions

What key movements did Gandhi lead?
Non-cooperation and civil disobedience movements.

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Summary

00:00

"Nationalism in India: History Class Overview"

Ankita from 9th and Ten Channel by Juice welcomes viewers to a special class on the chapter "Nationalism in India" from history class 10, emphasizing its importance for exams.
The class will cover the entire chapter in one session, focusing on key movements like the non-cooperation and civil disobedience movements led by Gandhi.
The duration of the class is approximately two hours, aiming to conclude by 9 or 9:15 pm.
Viewers are reminded to have their NCERT History book ready for reference during the session.
The chapter delves into the emergence of movements like the Khilafat and non-cooperation movements, highlighting the role of different social groups.
The impact of World War I on India's economy is discussed, including increased prices, taxes, food shortages, forced recruitment into the army, and the influenza epidemic.
Gandhi's arrival in India in 1915 from Africa and his concept of Satyagraha, emphasizing truth and non-violence as powerful tools for change.
Gandhi's involvement in supporting farmers in Champaran, Bihar in 1917 against the oppressive Indigo plantation system.
Gandhi's support for farmers in Kheda, Gujarat in 1917, advocating for reduced tax burdens.
Gandhi's assistance to mill workers in Ahmedabad, addressing issues like stagnant wages and rising prices post-World War I.

17:12

Gandhi's Role in Indian Independence Movement

Gandhi supported workers' rights, advocating for a salary raise and flexible timings.
Regional satyagrah was initiated by Gandhi, focusing on specific regions rather than a national movement.
The Rowlatt Act of 1919 granted the government power to suppress political activities and detain political prisoners without trial for two years.
The Act was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in Britain, with some Indian members opposing it.
The British administration became alarmed by the growing unity among Indians and introduced the Rowlatt Act to control the situation.
Gandhi responded by initiating a Nationwide satyagrah on April 6, 1919, calling for a peaceful protest across India.
General Dyer imposed martial law, restricting gatherings and authorizing shoot-on-sight orders, leading to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre on April 13, 1919.
The massacre resulted in a significant loss of innocent lives, sparking outrage and further fueling the independence movement.
Post the massacre, clashes and violence erupted, prompting Gandhi to call off the movement due to its violent nature.
Gandhi then focused on uniting different communities, supporting the Khilafat movement to gain Muslim community support for the independence movement.

34:12

Balkan Region, Ottoman Empire, and Independence Movement

The Balkan region and the Ottoman Empire were significant historical topics discussed in class nine.
The Ottoman Empire, located in Turkey, ruled parts of Europe, particularly the Balkan region.
Following the French Revolution and the rise of nationalism in Europe, conflicts arose leading to World War I.
After World War I, the Ottoman Empire lost to the Allied Forces, resulting in harsh treaties for the spiritual leader, Khalifa.
Muslims worldwide supported Khalifa, leading to the Khilafat movement in India.
Gandhi seized the opportunity to unite Hindus and Muslims through the Khilafat movement.
Ali Brothers, Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, supported Gandhi in uniting the communities.
The non-cooperation movement was launched in 1920 to resist British rule by boycotting goods and institutions.
Gandhi proposed withdrawing cooperation with the British to achieve independence.
The Justice Party of Madras was the only party to participate in the council elections during the non-cooperation movement.

52:41

Challenges in Non-Cooperation Movement in India

Khadi is expensive, leading students and professionals to return to their schools and jobs due to lack of alternative institutes for learning.
Non-cooperation movement in towns began with enthusiasm but ended sadly due to various circumstances.
In the countryside, a rebellion by peasants against landlords and talukdars, not against the British, occurred.
Peasants were mistreated by landlords and talukdars, leading to fear and oppression among farmers.
Baba Ram Chandra, an indentured laborer, supported farmers' demands for reduced revenue, abolition of free work, and fair treatment.
Peasants demanded an end to the oppressive practices of landlords and talukdars, leading to violent actions against them.
Gandhiji's non-cooperation movement faced challenges as violence erupted, deviating from the intended non-violent approach.
In Andhra Pradesh, tribal people faced restrictions by the British, leading to a revolt during the non-cooperation movement.
Elluri Sita Ram Raju led the movement in Andhra Pradesh, advocating for non-cooperation but facing violence and eventual capture and execution in 1924.
The rebellion in Andhra Pradesh did not align with Gandhiji's vision of non-violent non-cooperation, highlighting challenges faced during the movement.

01:10:36

Struggles and Progress in India's Independence

In India, during the non-cooperation movement, plantation workers in Assam were unable to return to their villages due to the Inland Immigration Act of 1859.
Plantation workers left their premises to support Gandhi during the movement, hoping for freedom and the end of restrictions on movement.
Many workers were caught and punished for leaving the plantations, with some never reaching their destinations.
The movement did not bring the desired freedom to the workers, as they continued to work in the plantations.
The violent incident at Chauri Chaura in 1922 led Gandhi to call off the non-cooperation movement.
The Swaraj Party was formed by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru to participate in elections after the non-cooperation movement.
The Simon Commission, formed by John Simon, was boycotted by Indians as they wanted Indian involvement in the constitutional system.
India faced economic challenges in the 1920s and 1930s, with rising agricultural prices and a global depression affecting the economy.
The Purna Swaraj declaration in 1929 by Lord Irwin granted India the status of dominion within the British Empire.
The events following the non-cooperation movement, including the formation of the Swaraj Party and the Simon Commission boycott, led to the Purna Swaraj declaration in 1929.

01:32:50

"India Rejects British Rule, Declares Independence"

Lord Irwin made a vague offer to India, implying control while granting limited freedom.
Young leaders, led by Jawaharlal Nehru, rejected the offer and declared Purna Swaraj in Lahore on 26 January 1930.
The Swaraj Party was formed, the Simon Commission arrived, and the call for Purna Swaraj was initiated during 1920-1930.
Gandhi wrote 11 demands to Lord Irwin, including tax reduction and the abolition of the salt law.
Gandhi embarked on a 240-mile march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, breaking the salt law in defiance.
The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched on 6 April 1930, with Gandhi marching with 78 followers to Dandi.
Gandhi's march aimed to unite people and symbolize the nation's unity through salt.
Rich peasants supported the movement to reduce taxes, while poor peasants sought a no-rent campaign.
The Congress did not fully support the no-rent campaign due to political influences.
Industrialists supported the movement for protection against imported goods and a favorable exchange rate.

01:52:35

Challenges and Impact of Civil Disobedience Movement

In 1927, the formation of the Civil Disobedience Movement saw the involvement of prominent figures like Takudas and GD Birla.
Industrial workers, particularly in Nagpur, faced issues of low wages and long working hours, leading to minimal participation in the movement due to industrialists' support for Congress.
The industrial working class adopted Gandhi's ideas by boycotting foreign goods but struggled to contribute significantly due to their work conditions.
In 1930-1932, railway and dock workers attempted to support the Civil Disobedience Movement, though their impact was not substantial.
Women from high-caste and rich peasant families actively supported the movement but were not given leadership roles within Congress.
The Civil Disobedience Movement began with Gandhi breaking the salt law in April 1930, leading to various forms of resistance.
Rich farmers refused to pay taxes, poor farmers initiated a no-rent campaign, and Indian businessmen sought protection from import duties and foreign exchange benefits.
The movement faced challenges as the British government became aggressive, leading to the arrest of Congress leaders and the eventual calling off of the movement.
Gandhi and Lord Irwin signed the Gandhi-Irwin Pact in March 1931, allowing Gandhi to attend the Second Round Table Conference in London in exchange for releasing political prisoners.
Despite efforts to revive the movement, it faced repression, and Congress was declared illegal, leading to further challenges and the need for unity, particularly with marginalized groups like Dalits, who sought separate political representation.

02:11:18

"Struggle for Political Representation and National Identity"

Muslim League wanted a reserved seat in the Central Assembly and representation in West Bengal and Punjab.
Congress did not pay attention to Muslim political parties, leading to demands for separate elections.
Both parties could not come to an agreement, resulting in a fallout.
Muslim leaders feared minority status would be affected without political influence.
Formation of a sense of collective belongingness through symbols like Bharat Mata and the tricolor flag.
The image of Bharat Mata was created by Bucking and the song was written in 1870.
Rabindranath Tagore painted the image of Bharat Mata, fostering national identity.
Folk tales and songs were used to uplift morale and unite people for a free nation.

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