#controlandcoordination full chapter | cbse Class 10th Biology | NCERT class 10 science chapter 7

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Living things respond to stimuli for protection with the help of nervous and hormonal systems, including neurons that transmit information through synapses. Reflex actions are quick responses to stimuli that involve receptors, sensory neurons, relay neurons, motor neurons, and effectors, coordinated by the brain within the protective cranium.

Insights

  • Neurons play a crucial role in transmitting information through nerve conduction, converting stimuli into electrical impulses, and facilitating quick reflex actions through the reflex arc.
  • The brain, safeguarded by meninges and cerebrospinal fluid, orchestrates both voluntary and involuntary body functions, showcasing the intricate coordination required for responding to stimuli effectively.

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Recent questions

  • How do nerve cells respond to stimuli?

    Nerve cells have distinct parts like cell body, nucleus, dendrites, axon, and nerve endings that aid in responding to stimuli.

  • What are reflex actions?

    Reflex actions are quick responses to stimuli that take a short pathway for immediate movements, involving receptors, sensory neurons, relay neurons, motor neurons, and effectors.

  • What is the function of olfactory receptors?

    Olfactory receptors in the nose detect smell and convert it into electrical impulses for transmission to the brain.

  • How do neurons transmit information?

    Neurons transmit information through nerve conduction, passing impulses through synapses to relay messages between different parts of the body.

  • What is the role of the brain in the body?

    The brain, protected by meninges and cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium, coordinates body functions, both voluntary and involuntary, by processing and responding to sensory information.

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Summary

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"Neurons and Reflexes: Body's Protective Responses"

  • Living things respond to stimuli for protection, aided by the nervous and hormonal systems.
  • Nerve cells, or neurons, have distinct parts like cell body, nucleus, dendrites, axon, and nerve endings.
  • Sense organ neurons have receptors that detect stimuli and convert them into electrical impulses.
  • Olfactory receptors in the nose detect smell, while gustatory receptors in the tongue detect taste.
  • Neurons transmit information through nerve conduction, passing impulses through synapses.
  • Sensory neurons carry information from sense organs to the brain or spinal cord, while motor neurons transmit to muscles or glands.
  • Reflex actions are quick responses to stimuli, taking a short pathway for immediate movements.
  • The reflex arc includes receptors, sensory neurons, relay neurons, motor neurons, and effectors.
  • The brain, protected by meninges and cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium, coordinates body functions, voluntary and involuntary.
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