CONTROL AND COORDINATION in 60 Minutes | Science Chapter 7 | Class 10th CBSE Board
Physics Wallah Foundation・2 minutes read
The nervous system processes sensory stimuli and coordinates responses, including reflex actions. The endocrine system releases hormones that regulate various bodily functions and behaviors.
Insights
- Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system, comprising dendrites for collecting information, a cell body for processing it, and an axon for transmitting nerve impulses. The signal travels from dendrites to the cell body, then to the axon nerve ending, where neurotransmitters are released to carry information to dendrites, facilitating communication between neurons.
- The endocrine system, through hormone secretion from glands like the pituitary gland and thyroid gland, plays a vital role in bodily functions. Hormones, small chemical substances produced by endocrine glands, enter the bloodstream directly and act near or far from their site of action. Examples include thyroxine for metabolism, insulin and glucagon for blood glucose regulation, and testosterone and estrogen for secondary sexual characteristics.
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Recent questions
What is the role of the nervous system in the body?
The nervous system processes sensory information and coordinates responses.
How do reflex actions differ from voluntary actions?
Reflex actions are quick and involuntary, while voluntary actions are consciously controlled.
What are the main parts of the brain and their functions?
The brain consists of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain, each with specific roles.
What is the endocrine system's role in the body?
The endocrine system regulates bodily functions through hormone secretion.
How do plants respond to environmental stimuli?
Plants exhibit tropic and nastic movements in response to stimuli.
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Summary
00:00
"Body's Response to Stimuli and Nervous System"
- Changes in the environment are sensed by the body, with information first reaching the dendrites, spinal cord, and brain.
- The nervous system's main components are the brain and spinal cord, crucial for processing sensory information.
- Thyroxine aids in metabolizing carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the body.
- The hypothalamus releases hormones that stimulate the pituitary glands to produce hormones.
- The body's response to stimuli, such as balancing on a skateboard or touching a hot object, involves the nervous system.
- Revision is essential for exam preparation, emphasizing the importance of revisiting topics regularly.
- Control and coordination in organisms involve utilizing organs to respond to environmental stimuli.
- Coordination in animals, particularly humans, relies on the nervous and endocrine systems.
- Neurons, the structural and functional units of the nervous system, transmit information through nerve impulses.
- Neurons consist of dendrites for collecting information, a cell body for processing it, and an axon for transmitting nerve impulses to nerve endings through synapses.
13:43
Neurons, Signals, and Nervous System Functions
- The gap between two neurons is known as Synapsis or Cytoplasm gap.
- The signal travels from dendrites to the cell body, then to the axon nerve ending.
- Neurotransmitters are released at the axon end to carry information to dendrites.
- The nervous system comprises the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (cranial and spinal nerves).
- Receptors in sense organs sense stimuli like light, smell, taste, sound, heat, cold, and pain.
- Sensory nerves carry information from the body to the brain or spinal cord.
- Motor nerves transmit instructions from the brain or spinal cord to effector organs for a response.
- Interneurons in the brain and spinal cord relay information between sensory and motor neurons.
- The nervous system enables control and coordination of voluntary, involuntary, and reflex actions.
- Voluntary actions are consciously controlled movements like walking, writing, and dancing, while involuntary actions like heartbeats and digestion are not consciously controlled.
26:31
"Brain, Spinal Cord, and Reflex Actions"
- The brain controls all bodily activities, even those beyond conscious control, like heart pumping blood.
- Reflex actions are crucial for CBSE students, involving quick, involuntary responses to stimuli.
- Reflex actions occur without conscious thought, showcasing the brain's lack of involvement.
- The spinal cord plays a vital role in reflex actions, transmitting information rapidly.
- The brain consists of three main parts: forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
- The forebrain includes the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus, responsible for thinking, relaying information, and regulating sleep and hunger.
- The midbrain acts as a bridge between the forebrain and hindbrain, aiding in processing visual and auditory stimuli.
- The hindbrain comprises the pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata, controlling balance, breathing, and involuntary reactions.
- The spinal cord, an extension of the brain, is protected by the backbone and surrounded by meninges filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
- The endocrine system, involving hormone secretion from glands, plays a crucial role in bodily functions.
38:59
Glands and Hormones: Essential Body Regulators
- Glands secrete substances; examples include bile juice from the liver, gastric juice from gastric glands, tears from tear glands, and sweat from sweat glands.
- Hormones are small chemical substances produced by endocrine glands; endocrine glands work by making and releasing hormones.
- Endocrine glands produce hormones that directly enter the bloodstream; they lack ducts for secretion.
- Hormones from endocrine glands act near their site of action; they can be situated far away as they travel through the blood to reach their target.
- Examples of endocrine glands include the pituitary gland and thyroid gland; the pituitary gland is known as the master gland.
- The thyroid gland produces thyroxine, essential for metabolism; iodine deficiency can lead to goiter due to thyroid gland malfunction.
- The pancreas releases insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels; adrenal glands produce adrenaline for emergency responses.
- Testosterone is released by testicles, influencing secondary sexual characteristics; ovaries in females produce estrogen and progesterone.
- The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to release hormones; parathyroid glands regulate calcium and phosphorus levels.
- Plants exhibit tropic movements like phototropism towards light and geotropism towards gravity; Mimosa Pudica demonstrates nastic movements by closing its leaves upon touch.
51:19
Plant Growth: Hormones and Tropisms Explained
- Roots exhibit positive geotropism, always growing upwards away from gravity, while negative geotropism causes plants to bend away from gravity.
- Hydrotropism directs roots towards water sources, causing them to bend and grow in that direction.
- Thigmotropism is observed in climbing plants that grow around support structures, guided by hormones within the plant.
- Plant hormones like auxin aid in various functions such as cell growth, phototropism, geotropism, fruit development, and height increase, with cytokinins promoting cell division and delaying aging in leaves and flowers.
