Class 11 Biology cell biology part 2

Department Of Information Technology・2 minutes read

Plastics are essential organelles in plant cells, storing pigments and giving color; with three types including chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membrane factory and cell support system, aiding in material transportation, detoxification, and cell membrane formation.

Insights

  • Plastids are essential organelles in plant cells, coming in three types: chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts, each storing different pigments that contribute to the coloration of plant parts.
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a crucial cell organelle responsible for membrane production, cell support, material transportation, detoxification, and the formation of lysosomes and cell membranes, playing a vital role in cell health and function.

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Recent questions

  • What distinguishes plant and animal cells?

    Plastics are essential cell organelles found in plant cells but absent in animal cells, distinguishing the two types of cells.

  • What are the types of plastids based on pigment color?

    There are three types of plastids based on the color of the pigment stored inside: chloroplast, chromoplast, and leucoplast.

  • What is the main function of chloroplasts?

    The main function of chloroplasts is photosynthesis, a process divided into light and dark reactions, occurring in thylakoid membranes and stroma.

  • What is the function of liquid plast in plants?

    The main function of liquid plast is food storage, with different types storing various nutrients.

  • What is the function of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in cells?

    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) functions as a membrane factory, provides mechanical support, aids in material transportation, and plays a crucial role in cell health.

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Summary

00:00

Plastics: Essential Organelles Distinguishing Plant and Animal Cells

  • Plastics are essential cell organelles found in plant cells but absent in animal cells, distinguishing plant and animal cells.
  • Plastics, like other organelles, are membrane-covered structures that store pigments, giving color to plant cells.
  • There are three types of plastics based on the color of the pigment stored inside: chloroplast, chromoplast, and leucoplast.
  • Chloroplasts contain green pigment called chlorophyll, found in all green parts of plants, primarily in leaves.
  • The number of chloroplasts in a cell can vary greatly, from one to over a thousand, influencing the color intensity of leaves.
  • Chloroplasts have an indefinite shape, often oval, and are present in various plant parts, contributing to the green color of nature.
  • The main function of chloroplasts is photosynthesis, the process divided into light and dark reactions, occurring in thylakoid membranes and stroma.
  • Chromoplasts contain non-green pigments and are found in colored parts of plants like flowers and fruits.
  • Chromoplasts have a double membrane structure with a unique layer called the granum, containing different pigments like brown and red.
  • Leucoplasts, another type of plastid, contribute to pollination by attracting insects and birds with their colorful pigments.

22:21

Liquid plast and endoplasmic reticulum in cells.

  • Liquid plast is a type of colorless plastic containing white pigment, commonly found in plant parts lacking green or other pigments, such as roots.
  • Liquid plast is categorized based on the stored material, with three types: carbohydrate-storing mileoblast, protein-storing leuroblast, and lipid-storing elaioblast.
  • The main function of liquid plast is food storage, with each type storing different nutrients.
  • Liquid plast can convert into chloroplasts when exposed to light, leading to color changes in plant parts like potatoes, papayas, and tomatoes.
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cell organelle found only in eukaryotic cells, absent in prokaryotic cells, and is a highly folded, membranous structure forming a network-like system.
  • ER consists of three parts: cisternae, vesicles, and tubules, with ribosomes on the surface, freely floating in the cytoplasm.
  • ER functions as a membrane factory, producing various cell membranes, and acts as a cytoskeleton, providing mechanical support to cells.
  • ER aids in material transportation within cells and to the outside, earning the nickname "cell circulatory system."
  • ER plays a crucial role in forming primary lysosomes, cell plates, and recycling cell membranes, contributing to cell health and function.

44:24

Cell Membrane and ER: Essential Cell Functions

  • Cell membrane is a living sponsor inside the cell, aiding in repair and regeneration.
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) provides extra membrane for repairing cell damage.
  • ER assists in the formation of primary lysosomes and cell organelles.
  • ER transports materials for cell wall formation.
  • ER aids in detoxification by neutralizing toxins within the cell.
  • ER plays a crucial role in the formation of different cell membranes and material circulation.
  • Cell Theory states that all living beings are made of cells, the structural and functional unit of life.
  • Cells contain basic components common in all living beings, with similar chemical composition.
  • Cells can be totipotent, capable of producing other cell types.
  • Golgi bodies help in collection, storage, modification, packing, and transportation of cellular materials, also known as packaging.

01:05:14

"Ribosomes: Protein Factories in All Cells"

  • Cell theory exceptions and drawbacks are discussed, with a focus on early life exceptions and drawbacks.
  • Ribosomes are introduced as the smallest cell organelles without a membrane, requiring an electron microscope for observation.
  • Ribosomes are universal cell organelles found in all cell types, including prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
  • Ribosomes are described as organelles within organelles, found freely in the cytoplasm and within other cell organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.
  • Ribosomes are composed of RNA and protein, making them nucleoproteins, and exist in two types: 70s and 80s based on size and speed.
  • The function of ribosomes is detailed as the site of protein synthesis, known as the protein factory within the cell.
  • Ribosomes also prepare proteins for extracellular use, including hormones and enzymes, and are involved in transporting proteins outside the cell.
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