Organelles of the Cell
Beverly Biology・2 minutes read
Organelles are like organs in eukaryotic cells, with cells having three main sections including the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. The theory of endosymbiosis explains the origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts, while different organelles such as the Golgi body, lysosomes, and chloroplasts perform specific functions within the cell.
Insights
- The theory of endosymbiosis suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once independent organisms that were engulfed by larger cells, highlighting the evolutionary origins of these organelles within eukaryotic cells.
- Organelles within cells, such as the Golgi body, rough ER, and lysosomes, play specialized roles in synthesizing, modifying, and breaking down substances, showcasing the intricate and essential functions that contribute to the overall operation of a cell.
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Recent questions
What are organelles in cells?
Organelles are small cell parts similar to organs.
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Summary
00:00
"Cell Organelles: Essential Components of Eukaryotic Cells"
- Organelles are small parts of eukaryotic cells, akin to organs in the body.
- Cells have three main sections: plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like material inside cells where organelles float.
- Cytoplasm facilitates chemical reactions, dissolves solutes, and provides support to the cell.
- Plasma membrane, or cell membrane, is a bilayer of lipids and proteins allowing selective passage of molecules.
- Nucleus, known as the control center, contains DNA and chromatin for protein synthesis.
- Rough ER, covered in ribosomes, transports ribosomes for protein synthesis.
- Smooth ER aids in lipid and fat production and toxin breakdown.
- Ribosomes, created by the nucleolus, synthesize proteins by linking amino acids.
- Golgi body modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for export from the cell.
16:15
Cell Structure and Function in Biology
- The theory of endosymbiosis explains how mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living organisms that became part of modern cells.
- Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to produce proteins and replicate independently.
- Endosymbiosis theory visualizes a large predator cell engulfing a mitochondria ancestor, which then multiplies within the cell.
- Lysosomes contain powerful digestive enzymes used for breaking down food, fighting pathogens, and autolysis.
- Cilia and flagella are cell parts involved in movement, with cilia being short and numerous, while flagella are long and whip-like.
- The cell wall, made of cellulose, provides support to plant, fungal, and bacterial cells, but not to animal cells.
- Robert Hooke's discovery of cells in cork in 1665 marked the beginning of cell understanding, showcasing the cell wall's durability.
- Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis using chlorophyll, evolving from free-living bacteria into cell parts through endosymbiosis.
- Vacuoles store food, water, waste, and pigments in cells, with plant cells often having a large central vacuole pushing organelles to the cell's edges.
