#20 Biologia 11º ano: Síntese Proteica e Código Genético 🧬
Help2Learn 🇵🇹・5 minutes read
DNA replication and protein synthesis play essential roles in preserving genetic information and regulating cell metabolism, with the genetic code determining amino acid sequences in proteins through transcription and translation. This universal code, encoding 22 amino acids in triplets, involves transcription by RNA polymerase to create mRNA, which is then translated in the cytoplasm by ribosomes to produce proteins.
Insights
- DNA replicates to pass genetic information, leading to protein synthesis through transcription and translation, where the genetic code dictates amino acid sequences in proteins.
- Transcription involves RNA polymerase creating mRNA from DNA, which then undergoes processing to remove non-coding parts before moving to the cytoplasm for translation by ribosomes, ultimately determining protein structure and function.
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Recent questions
How does DNA preserve genetic information?
By replicating itself for new cells.
What is the role of the genetic code in protein synthesis?
Determines the amino acid sequence in proteins.
What is the universal nature of the genetic code?
Encodes 22 amino acids in triplets.
How does transcription contribute to protein synthesis?
RNA polymerase binds to DNA, synthesizes mRNA.
What are the key steps in protein synthesis?
Ribosomes initiate, elongate, complete protein synthesis.
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Summary
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Genetic Code: DNA to Protein Synthesis
- DNA molecule preserves genetic information by replicating itself for new cells, with proteins being produced using this information to regulate cell metabolism through enzymes.
- Protein synthesis involves transcription of DNA into RNA, followed by translation of RNA into proteins, with the genetic code determining the amino acid sequence in proteins.
- The genetic code is universal, encoding 22 amino acids in triplets, with some triplets serving as initiation or termination codons, and the code being redundant.
- Transcription involves RNA polymerase binding to DNA, synthesizing mRNA, which is then processed to remove non-coding sequences before migrating to the cytoplasm for translation, where ribosomes initiate, elongate, and complete protein synthesis by binding amino acids in a sequence determined by the mRNA.
