Metals And Non Metals | Complete NCERT WITH BACK EXERCISE in 1 Video | Class 10th Board
UDAAN・2 minutes read
Metal reactions with water, displacement reactions, ionic bond formation, and the reactivity series are discussed, along with examples of metals and their properties. The text also covers the extraction of metals from ores, distinguishing between metals and non-metals, and preventing corrosion in metals.
Insights
- Metals react with water to form metal oxide, undergo displacement reactions, and can be malleable and ductile, while nonmetals do not react with water and are brittle.
- Ionic bonds are crucial in metal reactions, leading to high melting points in compounds like Na2O and MgO2, while metals such as aluminum form protective layers like aluminum oxide to prevent reactions.
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Recent questions
What happens when metal reacts with water?
Metal reacts with water to form metal oxide.
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Summary
00:00
Metal Reactions, Ionic Bonds, and Displacement Reactions
- Metal reacts with water in gaseous form, forming metal oxide and gaining or losing electrons.
- Ionic bond formation is the final step in the reaction process.
- Calcium oxide has a high melting point and is soluble in water, displacing hydrogen from acids.
- Displacement reactions occur when a metal below displaces the one above in the reactivity series.
- Aluminum forms a layer of aluminum oxide, preventing food contact with aluminum.
- The text introduces Sana Nair as a Physics and Chemistry teacher, welcoming students to an NCERT Solutions session.
- The session focuses on solving NCERT questions related to the Metals and Nonmetals chapter.
- Examples of metals that are liquid at room temperature include mercury and bromine.
- Sodium is an easily cut metal, while silver is the best conductor of heat and lead is a poor conductor.
- Metals can be malleable, allowing them to be beaten into thin sheets, and ductile, enabling them to be drawn into thin wires.
15:35
Metal Reactivity Order Determined Through Displacement Reactions
- Metal D is added to iron sulphate to determine its reactivity.
- The reactivity order is determined with Metal D being the most reactive.
- Metal B is identified as the most reactive among four metals.
- When Metal B is added to copper sulphate, a displacement reaction occurs.
- The reactivity order is established as B, A, C, and D.
- Zinc displaces iron in a displacement reaction with iron sulphate.
- The color change from green to colorless indicates the displacement reaction.
- Electron dot structures of sodium, oxygen, and magnesium are explained.
- Ionic bonds are formed through the transfer of electrons in compounds like Na2O and MgO2.
- Ionic compounds have high melting points due to strong forces of attraction between ions.
31:01
"Metal-rich minerals, profitable extraction explained"
- The text discusses the presence of metal in a mineral, with the mineral containing all three minerals and being rich in metal.
- The narrator mentions investing ₹1 lakh in a mineral treatment, resulting in a return of ₹5000000, indicating a profit.
- The text delves into the concept of ores, explaining that minerals rich in metals are profitable for metal extraction.
- Examples of profitable minerals for metal extraction, such as Bauxite and Clay for Aluminum, are provided.
- The text emphasizes that not all minerals are ores, drawing a comparison to chocolates and Kit Kats.
- The concept of impurities in minerals, referred to as "gang," is explained, highlighting the need to remove them for concentrated metal extraction.
- Metals found in nature in their free state, such as Gold and Silver, are discussed as being least reactive.
- The process of obtaining metal from its oxide through reduction is explained, focusing on the removal of oxygen.
- Displacement reactions between metallic oxides and metals like Zinc, Magnesium, and Copper are detailed, highlighting the reactivity series.
- The text explores metals that do not corrode easily, emphasizing those below in the reactivity series as highly resistant to corrosion.
45:54
Metals, Non-Metals, and Oxides: A Summary
- Storing food requires coating tin with zinc to prevent spoilage.
- Zinc is not used for coating as it reacts with food, causing spoilage.
- Tin is preferred over zinc due to its lower reactivity.
- To distinguish between metals and non-metals, a hammer, battery, bulb, wires, and switch are used.
- Metals are malleable, while non-metals are brittle.
- Hammering metals creates a flat sheet, indicating metal presence.
- Metals conduct electricity well, while non-metals are poor conductors.
- Creating a circuit with a battery, bulb, wires, and switch helps differentiate metals and non-metals.
- Amphoteric oxides exhibit both acidic and basic properties.
- Examples of amphoteric oxides include aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and zinc oxide (ZnO2).
- Metals like zinc and magnesium displace hydrogen from dilute acids, while copper and silver do not.
- Electrolytic refining purifies metals using an anode made of impure metal and a cathode made of pure metal.
- Heating sulfur produces sulfur dioxide (SO2), an acidic non-metallic oxide.
- Dry litmus paper shows no reaction to acidic gases, but moistened litmus paper turns red in the presence of acids.
- Two ways to prevent iron rusting are through greasing and painting.
- Non-metals combine with oxygen to form acidic oxides (e.g., CO2, SO2) and neutral oxides (e.g., H2O, CO).
01:01:09
Chemistry of Metals and Nonmetals Explained
- Nonmetallic oxides can be acidic, while noble and metallic oxides can be basic and amphoteric.
- Platinum, gold, and silver are used in jewelry due to their low reactivity and resistance to corrosion.
- Sodium, potassium, and lithium are stored under oil to prevent reactions with oxygen, moisture, and carbon dioxide due to their high reactivity.
- Aluminum, despite being highly reactive, forms a protective layer of aluminum oxide, making it suitable for cooking utensils.
- Carbonate and sulfide ores are usually converted into oxides during the extraction process to facilitate metal removal.
- Lemon and tamarind juice are effective in cleaning copper vessels by dissolving copper oxide and basic copper carbonate.
- Metals form basic oxides when combined with oxygen, turning red litmus blue, while nonmetals form acidic oxides.
- Metals react with water to liberate hydrogen gas, while nonmetals do not due to being electron acceptors.
- Aqua regia is a solution that dissolves gold and platinum, restoring shine to dull gold items.
- Copper is used in hot water tanks instead of steel due to its non-reactivity with water and steam, preventing damage to the tank.
