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Metals and Non Metals🔥| CLASS 10| ONE SHOT| Ncert Covered

Exphub 9th &10th・2 minutes read

An iron rod that turned blackish brown due to moisture exposure serves as a lesson's starting point on metals and non-metals, emphasizing key concepts like reactivity, acid-base reactions, and the periodic table. The text further delves into properties, behaviors, and practical applications of metals and non-metals, exploring topics such as electron behavior, conductivity, and specific reactions of metals with water and dilute acids while highlighting crucial processes like roasting, electrolysis, corrosion prevention, and alloying.

Insights

  • Metals tend to donate electrons, conduct electricity, and have a positive charge, while non-metals gain electrons, form negative ions, and are poor conductors of heat and electricity, with the behavior influenced by the number of electrons in their outermost shell.
  • Understanding the reactivity series is crucial, as it helps in comprehending how metals react with water or steam, with amphoteric oxides like aluminum oxide showcasing the ability to react with both acids and bases, indicating their amphoteric nature.

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Recent questions

  • What are the properties of metals and non-metals?

    Metals conduct electricity, donate electrons; non-metals gain electrons, poor conductors.

  • How do metals react with water?

    Metals react with water to form metal oxide and hydrogen, continuing if water is present.

  • What is the significance of the periodic table in studying metals and non-metals?

    The periodic table helps understand the properties and behavior of metals and non-metals.

  • How can corrosion of metals be prevented?

    Corrosion prevention techniques include painting, oiling, and galvanization.

  • What is the process of extracting metals from ores?

    Metals are extracted from ores through processes like roasting, electrolysis, and alloying.

Related videos

Summary

00:00

Metals vs Non-Metals: Properties and Reactivity

  • The rod being discussed is an iron rod that has turned blackish brown due to prolonged exposure to moisture.
  • The lesson will focus on metals and non-metals, covering their properties, reactivity series, and syllabus-related topics.
  • The instructor emphasizes covering every point in the NCERT textbook for CBSE, ICSE, and SSC boards.
  • Acid-base concepts are crucial for understanding the upcoming lesson on metals and non-metals.
  • The instructor, Prashant, offers free lecture notes and question booklets for students.
  • The lesson will comprehensively cover the entire chapter on metals and non-metals, including case-based and reasoning questions.
  • The importance of understanding the periodic table for studying metals and non-metals is highlighted.
  • Metals are substances that tend to donate electrons, conduct electricity, and have a positive charge.
  • Non-metals, on the other hand, gain electrons, form negative ions, and are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
  • The difference in electron behavior between metals and non-metals is explained by the number of electrons in their outermost shell, influencing their tendency to donate or gain electrons.

12:20

Element Properties Explained: Metals vs Nonmetals

  • Octets are completed by giving electrons, especially in nonmetals.
  • The outermost shell of an element determines its electron number.
  • Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, unlike nonmetals.
  • Graphite is an exception among nonmetals as it conducts electricity.
  • Ductility refers to an element's ability to be converted into thin wire.
  • Malleability allows an element to be converted into a thin sheet.
  • Luster is the shine exhibited by elements like gold and silver.
  • Sonority is the metallic sound produced by elements like aluminum.
  • Density varies among elements, with metals like iron being heavy.
  • Hardness is a property where diamond stands out as an exception among nonmetals.

25:18

Metal Reactivity and Bond Formation in Water

  • A bond is formed between a and b when c attacks, leading to a poor man's loneliness.
  • The reaction of metal with water is crucial and will likely appear in exams.
  • Metal reacts with water to form metal oxide and hydrogen, continuing if water is present.
  • Metal oxide reacts with water to form metal hydroxide.
  • Highly reactive metals like potassium react violently with water, releasing heat.
  • Less reactive metals like calcium react with water to form metal hydroxide without releasing heat.
  • Metals like aluminum and iron only form oxides when reacting with water.
  • Highly reactive metals only react with steam, forming oxides without hydroxides.
  • The reactivity series helps understand how metals react with water or steam.
  • Amphoteric oxides like aluminum oxide can react with both acids and bases, proving their amphoteric nature.

40:39

"German Shepherd mistaken for wolf, leads to scam"

  • German Shepherd dogs resemble wolves when they are small, with black fur and similar features.
  • A German Shepherd puppy is bought for Rs 10,000 by a man and attracts the attention of five thieves.
  • The thieves discuss the dog's value and potential earnings from selling it.
  • A man mistakes the German Shepherd for a wolf and questions its owner, leading to a humorous misunderstanding.
  • Several people mistake the German Shepherd for a wolf, causing doubt in the owner's mind.
  • The owner is eventually convinced that the dog is not a German Shepherd, leading to a realization of being scammed.
  • A mastermind thief manipulates the situation, convincing the owner to give up the dog.
  • The story highlights the influence of society on perceptions and decisions, urging self-trust and positivity.
  • The text transitions to a lesson on the reaction of metals with dilute acids, emphasizing the exceptions with nitric acid.
  • The text further discusses the reactivity series, exceptions with magnesium and manganese, and the displacement of hydrogen by metals in dilute acids.

54:42

Metal Extraction and Corrosion Processes Explained

  • Adjust screen brightness for visibility
  • Extract metal from liquid, remove impurities
  • Different reactivity levels of metals: high, medium, low
  • Process of roasting to remove sulfide from metal
  • Roasting involves heating with oxygen to remove sulfur
  • Electrolysis process for reactive metals
  • Extraction of mercury and copper through specific processes
  • Electrolyte refinery for pure copper extraction
  • Rusting of iron experiment to demonstrate corrosion
  • Different types of corrosion reactions, including with sulfur

01:11:15

Metal Corrosion Prevention Techniques and Processes

  • Corrosion prevention involves techniques like painting, oiling, and greasing to protect metals.
  • Galvanization is a process where zinc coating is applied to iron to prevent corrosion due to zinc's low reactivity.
  • Electroplating, like chrome plating, involves using electrolysis to coat metals with a thin layer of another material.
  • Anodizing is a process specific to aluminum, where metals are coated with a protective oxide layer through electrolysis.
  • Alloying involves mixing different elements with metals like iron to create alloys with improved properties and resistance to corrosion.
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