Kurz erklärt: Wie funktioniert die PEM-Elektrolyse?

Recent questions

• What is PEM electrolysis?

  PEM electrolysis, or Proton Exchange Membrane electrolysis, is a process used to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water through the application of electricity. In this method, water molecules are introduced at the anode, where they undergo oxidation, resulting in the release of oxygen and hydrogen protons, along with electrons. The electrons then travel to the cathode, where they combine with the protons to generate hydrogen gas. This technology is notable for its efficiency and the use of a solid polymer electrolyte, which allows for high purity hydrogen production. The system typically includes various components such as catalysts, bipolar plates, and transport layers to optimize the reaction and ensure effective gas separation.

• How does PEM electrolysis work?

  The operation of PEM electrolysis involves several key steps and components that work together to facilitate the electrochemical reaction. Initially, water is supplied to the anode side of the electrolysis cell, where it is oxidized by the iridium oxide catalyst. This reaction produces oxygen gas, hydrogen protons, and electrons. The protons then migrate through the polymer electrolyte, which is made of polyperfluoralene sulfonic acid, to reach the cathode. At the cathode, the electrons that have traveled through the external circuit combine with the protons to form hydrogen gas. The entire process is supported by bipolar plates that help in gas separation and maintain the stability of the electrolysis stack, making it a highly efficient method for hydrogen production.

• What are the components of PEM electrolysis?

  PEM electrolysis consists of several critical components that contribute to its functionality and efficiency. At the core of the system is the proton exchange membrane, which serves as the electrolyte, allowing protons to pass while preventing the passage of gases. The anode features a porous transport layer and an iridium oxide catalyst, which facilitate the oxidation of water. The cathode is equipped with a platinum-based catalyst layer that aids in the reduction reaction to produce hydrogen. Additionally, bipolar plates are utilized to separate the gases produced during the reaction and to provide structural stability to the electrolysis stack. Each of these components plays a vital role in ensuring the effective operation of the electrolysis process.

• What is the role of catalysts in PEM electrolysis?

  Catalysts play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the PEM electrolysis process. At the anode, the iridium oxide catalyst is responsible for facilitating the oxidation of water molecules, which is a critical step in generating oxygen gas and hydrogen protons. This catalyst lowers the activation energy required for the reaction, allowing it to proceed more rapidly and efficiently. Similarly, at the cathode, the platinum-based catalyst aids in the reduction of protons to form hydrogen gas. The use of these catalysts is essential for achieving high reaction rates and ensuring that the electrolysis process operates effectively, ultimately leading to higher yields of hydrogen production.

• Why is hydrogen production important?

  Hydrogen production is increasingly recognized as a vital component in the transition to sustainable energy systems. Hydrogen serves as a clean fuel that can be used in various applications, including fuel cells for vehicles, energy storage, and as a feedstock in industrial processes. The ability to produce hydrogen through methods like PEM electrolysis, which utilizes renewable energy sources, contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. As the world seeks to address climate change and move towards decarbonization, hydrogen is seen as a key player in achieving energy security and sustainability, making its production an important focus for researchers and industries alike.