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Como sair do ZERO em Node.js em apenas UMA aula

Rocketseat・2 minutes read

Diego Fernandes guides the practical creation of an application using Node.js, focusing on backend development and practical implementation with tools like Fastify and PostgreSQL. The class includes setting up the development environment, creating distinct routes for videos, understanding database operations, and provides a study roadmap for Node.js specialization.

Insights

Node.js allows JavaScript to run on servers, enabling backend applications and task automation, compatible with various frontend technologies like React and Angular.
Fastify, a microframework, is recommended for backend development due to its minimalistic approach, involving distinct route creation and HTTP method differentiation for APIs.
Understanding data structures like "Set" and "Map" is crucial, with "Map" used for creating videos and generating random IDs, while "Set" prevents duplicate values and "Map" provides a different API for data manipulation.

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Recent questions

What is Node.js used for?
Node.js enables JavaScript on servers for backend applications.

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Summary

00:00

"Practical Node.js Application Development Tutorial"

Diego Fernandes is guiding the creation of the first application using Node.js in a practical video tutorial.
The focus is on practical application rather than theoretical explanations.
The process involves opening the terminal, Visual Studio Code, and setting up the development environment by installing Node.js.
A HTTP server is created using Node.js, followed by the development of a project using Fastify, PostgreSQL, and other technologies.
At the end of the class, a study roadmap for Node.js is provided along with a special gift for those who stay till the end.
Node.js is explained as a platform allowing JavaScript to run on servers, enabling backend applications.
Node.js is used for task automation and is compatible with various frontend technologies like React and Angular.
Installation of Node.js is recommended through package managers like Chocolatey for Windows and NVM for Linux or Mac.
npm, the Node Packet Manager, is installed along with Node.js to manage third-party libraries within applications.
Visual Studio Code settings, extensions, and ESLint for code error detection are recommended for setting up the development environment.

15:04

"Best backend tools: PostgreSQL, MariaDB, Fastify"

PostgreSQL is recommended as the best open-source SQL database for backend development.
MariaDB is an open-source fork of MySQL.
NoSQL databases like MongoDB are discouraged for beginners due to complexity.
Fastify is a microframework recommended for its minimalistic approach in backend development.
Fastify installation involves using npm install Fastify to set up the framework.
Fastify's package-lock.json file and node_modules folder are automatically created upon installation.
Fastify's dependencies result in multiple folders and extensions within the node_modules directory.
Fastify allows for the creation of distinct routes within applications.
HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE are essential for differentiating actions in APIs.
In-memory databases are useful for rapid application testing and development before transitioning to PostgreSQL.

27:24

JavaScript Database Relationships and Data Structures

Video ID is crucial for database relationships in JavaScript.
Understanding data structures like "Set" and "Map" is essential.
"Set" in JavaScript functions like an array but doesn't allow duplicate values.
"Map" in JavaScript is similar to an object but offers a different API for working with data.
Creating videos in a "Map" involves using the "set" method with key-value pairs.
Generating random IDs for videos can be achieved using the "crypto" module's randomUUID method.
Validation of video information can be implemented for data integrity.
Updating videos in the database involves using the "set" method with the existing ID.
Deleting videos from the database requires only the ID and the "delete" method.
Listing videos can be done by creating a method called "list" that returns all video information without IDs.

40:08

JavaScript Syntax for Video Routes and Queries

To create a video successfully, use the syntax in JavaScript and save it, then return to the route and send a request to see if it was created (status code 201).
To list videos, create a route "/videos" with a constant "videos" to list all videos from the database and return a reply with status code 200.
When returning data within a route without changing the status, use "return" directly without needing "request.reply" and "reply.send".
To test the route, duplicate the route in "routes.http" and use the GET method to retrieve an empty object due to server restarts clearing memory.
To convert the returned data structure to an array, encapsulate the values using "Array.from" to list the videos correctly.
For updating a video, create a PUT route with the video ID in the route, update the video information in the body, and return a successful response with status code 204.
To include the video ID in the video listing, use "entries" instead of "values" to return an array with arrays containing the video ID and information separately.
Use the "map" method to modify the returned data structure and include the video ID along with the video information in the listing.
For deleting a video, create a DELETE route with the video ID in the route, delete the video from the database, and return a successful response with status code 204.
Query parameters can be used in routes to filter data or perform pagination, and they are optional parameters that can modify the return given by the backend.

53:17

Filter, Sort, and Secure Database Integration Steps

Videos can be filtered by using query parameters like "note" to search for specific videos.
Query parameters are utilized for filtering, sorting, and pagination within the application.
The in-memory database has been finalized, and integration with a real database, like Postgres, is the next step.
ElephantSQL, an online service, is recommended for using Postgres without needing a credit card.
ElephantSQL's free plan offers 1 GB of RAM and up to 3 GB of data, suitable for most projects.
Environment variables are crucial for managing sensitive credentials like database access for different environments.
The ".env" file is used to store variables like PGHOST, PGDATABASE, PGUSER, PGPASSWORD, and PGPORT.
The "dotenv" library is installed to read environment variables and ensure secure database credentials.
A table named "videos" needs to be created in the database before executing queries.
The "create-table.js" file is used to create the table in the database using SQL queries.

01:06:09

Database Operations and Video Management Tutorial

To retrieve all videos without a search, the operation is performed without a "WHERE" clause.
Videos are then accessed, and the crucial step of creating a video is highlighted for testing purposes.
Generating an ID for the video is essential, as the database does not automatically assign one.
Asynchronous operations are emphasized, requiring the use of JavaScript's "await" to ensure completion before proceeding.
The necessity of marking functions with "async" to utilize "await" is stressed for database operations.
Inserting data into the videos table is detailed, specifying the columns and values to be added.
Testing the application's functionality is recommended by switching to a new database setup.
Implementing "await" before database actions like listing and creating is crucial for proper execution.
Updating video details involves using SQL commands like "UPDATE" with the necessary parameters.
Deleting videos is simplified by executing a "DELETE" SQL command with the corresponding video ID.
Deploying the project on Render is explained, including steps like hosting on GitHub and configuring the application's port.

01:19:42

"Node.js Application Development Essentials"

To compile the application, use the "npm install" command to install libraries.
Execute the server with the command "npm start" after installing dependencies.
Configure environment variables by adding values like PGHOST, PGDATABASE, and PGUSER from the .env file.
Create a web service and wait for the deployment process to complete.
Automated deployment on Render triggers every time a new commit is made on GitHub.
Study Roadmap for specializing in Node.js includes learning native Node APIs like "crypto" and "FileSystem."
Essential topics to study include TypeScript, JWT authentication, SOLID principles, SQL, and ORM like Prisma.
Docker is recommended for containerization and creating development environments with dependencies.
Learn frameworks like Fastify and Next.js, automated testing with Jest and Cypress, software architecture, and CI/CD deployment processes.

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