Anatomy of the Upper Limb ( Part - 1 ) : Fmge, Neet pg, NEXT and USMLE Step 1
Dr.G Bhanu Prakash Animated Medical Videos・2 minutes read
Anatomy lecture on clavicle, scapula, and humerus focusing on landmarks, fractures, and nerve injuries to prepare students for exams and clinical practice. Topics include muscles related to the chest, breast anatomy, and internal thoracic artery supply, aiding in comprehension for first to third-year students.
Insights
- The clavicle is a unique bone in the body due to its S-shape, subcutaneous location, and early ossification during the fifth and sixth week of intrauterine life, making it the first bone to ossify. The most common site of clavicular fractures is at the junction between the medial three-fifths and lateral two-fifths, highlighting its clinical significance.
- The scapula features distinct structures like the spine, acromion process, coracoid process, and glenoid cavity, extending from the second to the seventh posterior rib. Understanding developmental aspects, such as the descent of the scapula during the 9th to 12th week, is crucial, as conditions like Klippel-Feil syndrome can result in congenitally high scapula known as Pringle deformity.
- Muscles like pectoralis major and minor, serratus anterior, and external oblique play significant roles in the upper limb, with nerves like the long thoracic nerve innervating serratus anterior. Clinical conditions like Poland syndrome and the importance of structures like the clavipectoral fascia in exams underscore the practical applications of anatomical knowledge.
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Recent questions
What is the structure of the clavicle bone?
The clavicle is an S-shaped bone, the only horizontal bone in the body, subcutaneous, and the first bone to ossify during the fifth and sixth week of intrauterine life. It has no medullary cavity, two ossification centers, and the most common site of fracture is the junction between medial three-fifths and lateral two-fifths.
What are the components of the scapula bone?
The scapula bone consists of a spine, acromion process, coracoid process, and glenoid cavity. It extends from the second to the seventh posterior rib, with the thickest border being the lateral border. To locate the coracoid process, palpate beneath the clavicle in the infraclavicular fossa.
What are the important landmarks of the humerus bone?
The humerus bone comprises the head, neck, and shaft, with greater and lesser tuberosities. It has anatomical and surgical necks, with the intertubercular sulcus located between the tuberosities. Nerve injuries associated with humeral fractures include the axillary nerve, anterior circumflex humeral artery, and posterior circumflex humeral artery.
What clinical conditions are associated with scapula abnormalities?
People with Klippel-Feil syndrome may have a high scapula due to improper descent, known as Pringle deformity. Understanding these conditions is crucial for identifying congenital abnormalities and their implications on musculoskeletal function.
What are the key muscles discussed in relation to the pectoral region?
Pectoralis major and minor, along with subclavius, are significant muscles in the pectoral region. Pectoralis major is attached to the clavicle and sternum, responsible for arm flexion, medial rotation, and adduction. Pectoralis minor divides the axillary artery and is crucial for vascular supply. Understanding these muscles aids in comprehending upper limb movements and clinical conditions related to nerve innervation.
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