Upper Limb - Anatomy | MBBS 1st Year | FARRE Series | Dr. Pradeep | PW MedEd

PW MedEd・2 minutes read

New course offered by P.D.Med with detailed diagrams and notes on the brachial plexus and axillary artery formations, focusing on nerve supplies and clinical applications for medical students and professionals. Key points include roots, trunks, cords, and branches of the brachial plexus, essential divisions of the axillary artery, and important muscles and structures related to the upper limb anatomy.

Insights

  • The Brachial Plexus is a complex network of nerves originating from the spinal cord that divides into roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and nerves, supplying various muscles and areas of the upper limb.
  • Understanding the anatomy of the axillary artery and its branches is crucial for comprehending the distribution of the Brachial Plexus, with specific details on the axillary artery's divisions and the structures it supplies.

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Recent questions

  • What is the brachial plexus?

    A network of nerves in the neck and axilla.

  • What are the divisions of the axillary artery?

    Superior thoracic, lateral thoracic, and anterior circumflex arteries.

  • What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

    Compression of the median nerve in the wrist.

  • What muscles does the median nerve supply?

    Muscles in the forearm and hand.

  • What is the function of the Palma Cutaneous Branch?

    Supplies skin sensation over the hypothenar area.

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Summary

00:00

"Brachial Plexus Formation and Nerve Branches"

  • New batch starting with a new course this month, focusing on quick revision for exams.
  • Important topics discussed with diagrams and hand-written notes on P.D.Med's home page.
  • Explanation of the brachial plexus formation starting with the spinal cord section.
  • Formation of plexus by ventral rami of spinal nerves, leading to cervical, lumbar, and sacral plexus.
  • Detailed breakdown of the brachial plexus into roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and nerves.
  • Identification of root values for upper, middle, and lower trunks, as well as lateral and posterior cords.
  • Branches of the lateral cord include lateral pectoral nerve, lateral root of median nerve, and musculocutaneous nerve.
  • Specifics on the lateral pectoral nerve piercing the pectoral fascia and the middle pectoral nerve supplying pectoral minor.
  • Root values and branches of the middle cord, including middle pectoral nerve, middle root of middle nerve, and middle cutaneous nerve of arm.
  • Explanation of the ulnar nerve's root value and its fibers originating from the lateral cord, supplying C7 fibers.

17:02

Nerve Roots and Muscles in Anatomy

  • Muscles are also known as the dorsal nerve, with root values including c6, c7, c8, and c678.
  • The Radial Nerve's root value is c5 to t1, encompassing all those roots.
  • The Median Nerve's lateral root forms the end of the Median Nav.
  • The Median Nav's middle root is a branch of the middle chord, with a root value of c5 to t1.
  • The Supra Coupler nerve, also known as the Nuff to Rome Whites, supplies the body.
  • The Thoracic Nerve, also known as the Nerve of Bell, aids in overhead abduction.
  • The Brachial Plexus is formed in the neck and enters the axilla through the cervicoaxillary canal.
  • The Supraclavicular part of the Brachial Plexus is above the clavicle, while the Infraclavicular part is below it.
  • The Phrenic Nerve lies on the Scalenus Anterior muscle and pierces the diaphragm to supply the abdomen.
  • The Posterior Triangle of the Neck houses the Supraclavicular part of the Brachial Plexus between the Scalenus Anterior and Medius muscles.

33:15

Axillary Artery: Divisions and Branches Explained

  • The outer vein outside the sheep is the axillary artery.
  • Understanding the axillary artery's divisions is crucial for drawing diagrams.
  • The axillary artery is divided into three parts by the pectoralis minor muscle.
  • The branches of the axillary artery include the superior thoracic artery, lateral thoracic artery, and anterior circumflex artery.
  • The lateral thoracic artery supplies the breast.
  • The axillary artery's third part branches into the anterior circumflex artery, posterior circumflex artery, and subscapular artery.
  • The brachial plexus cords are present in the first and second parts of the axillary artery.
  • The cords in the second part are named the lateral cord, posterior cord, and medial cord.
  • Obstruction in the second part of the subclavian artery leads to blood flow from the first part to the third part of the axillary artery.
  • The axillary artery's upper triangular space contains the axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery.

51:48

Upper Limb Arteries and Muscles in Hindi

  • Circum Flex Capillary Artery is discussed in Hindi, with Upper Triangular Space and its boundaries mentioned.
  • The Circumflex Capillary Artery is identified as a branch, with details on its origin and location.
  • The Supras Capillary Artery is introduced as the third part of the artery, with its significance highlighted.
  • Flex Digitorum Superficialis and Flex Digitorum Profundus are explained, along with their insertion points and functions.
  • Composite muscles in the upper limb are discussed, focusing on nerve supplies and specific muscles.
  • The Radial Prop and its motor function are mentioned, emphasizing accuracy in naming.
  • The Flex Pollicis Brevis muscle is detailed, including its superficial and deep heads and nerve supplies.
  • The Carpal Tunnel is explained, with details on the structures passing through it and its clinical features.
  • The Flexor Pollicis Longus tendon and its enclosure within the Carpal Tunnel are highlighted.
  • The Volar Carpal Tunnel and its components, including nerves and arteries, are described in detail.

01:12:54

Median Nerve: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Injuries

  • The nerve from the butt supplies the skin over the hypothenar area, known as the Palma Cutaneous Branch of the median nerve.
  • The Palma Cutaneous Branch of the median nerve enters the hand through the Carpal Tunnel.
  • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome affects the median nerve, causing muscle and skin supply issues, but sensation remains intact due to the Palma Cutaneous Branch.
  • Tingling and numbness in three and a half fingers indicate median nerve injury, tested by assessing skin sensation.
  • Median nerve injuries in the Carpal Tunnel result in lost sensations, while forearm injuries affect the fingers' sensations.
  • The median nerve forms from the lateral root of the median nerve, crossing the axillary artery and brachial artery.
  • The median nerve crosses the brachial artery from left to right, reaching the middle side and supplying muscles in the forearm.
  • The median nerve leaves the Cubital Fossa between two muscle heads, supplying muscles like Flexor Digitorum Superficialis.
  • The median nerve supplies muscles in the hand through the Carpal Tunnel, including the Thenar muscles and lateral side muscles.
  • Clinical applications involve diagnosing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and understanding the implications of median nerve injuries on muscle and skin sensations.

01:30:44

Farewell from Children's Show Host

  • Conclusion of a children's show
  • Host thanking the audience and bidding them good night
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