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Who Won the 1965 War Between India and Pakistan? Ft. Hamid Mir | EP148

How Does It Work Podcast・47 minutes read

Attacking at a specific time could have led to the liberation of Kashmir as there was no Indian Army present then. The success of the Navy's Dwarka operation is globally acknowledged.

Insights

  • Maharaja Hari Singh's controversial actions in 1947 set the stage for the conflict that unfolded in the 1965 war, highlighting the deep-rooted historical complexities that shaped the India-Pakistan conflict.
  • Operation Gibraltar's failure to achieve Kashmir's independence due to tactical errors underscores the intricate interplay between military strategy and political objectives in the war, showcasing the pivotal role of decision-making in shaping outcomes.

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Recent questions

  • What was the significance of the Navy's Dwarka operation?

    The Navy's successful operation at Dwarka prevented further Indian aggression towards Karachi.

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Summary

00:00

1965 War: Unveiling Untold Strategic Realities

  • Attacking at a specific time could have led to the liberation of Kashmir as there was no Indian Army present then.
  • The success of the Navy's Dwarka operation is globally acknowledged.
  • Capturing Lahore and Sialkot on 6th September would have been crucial for Pakistan's defense.
  • The war of 1965 cannot be fully understood through school or college textbooks.
  • The war is an extension of the India-Pakistan conflict from 1947-48.
  • The war's political, strategic, and military aspects are intertwined.
  • Maharaja Hari Singh's controversial actions in 1947 led to the conflict.
  • The tribal Lashkar from Afghanistan played a significant role in the war.
  • The UN Security Council's involvement and resolutions shaped the conflict's aftermath.
  • General Ayub Khan's decisions during the 1965 war were influenced by America's stance and the China-India conflict.

15:28

"Unfulfilled Promises and Commendable Victories: 1965 War"

  • America promised to resolve the Kashmir issue in 1962 but did not fulfill it, leading to a ceasefire agreement between Pakistan and India mediated by Britain.
  • Operation Gibraltar was initiated in July-August 1965 to pressurize India into resolving the Kashmir issue by isolating the Indian Army in Ladakh and Siachen.
  • Operation Gibraltar aimed to achieve the independence of Kashmir but failed due to the mistake of sending regular army troops instead of volunteers.
  • General Musa Khan was the Army Chief of Pakistan in 1965, and Air Marshal Asghar Khan was the Air Chief.
  • Operation Grand Slam was the second part of Operation Gibraltar, with the objective of capturing Akhnoor on the Great Trunk Road.
  • The war between Pakistan and India did not start in September 1965 but earlier in January-February, with Pakistan capturing areas in the Rann of Kutch and Rajasthan.
  • Pakistan's defense was well-prepared for India's attack on Lahore and Southern Punjab on September 6, 1965.
  • Major Raja Aziz Bhatti stopped the Indian Army at the BRB canal during the war, leading the Pakistani troops to victory.
  • The Pakistani Army's performance in the 1965 war was commendable, with memorials in Chivda commemorating their success in battles.
  • The Indian Army's plan in the 1965 war to capture Lahore and Sialkot failed, as documented by senior military officers like General Cole.

31:43

M.M. Alam: Heroic Fighter Pilot of 1965

  • M.M. Alam, a fighter pilot, destroyed five Indian jets within a minute and 45 seconds during the 1965 war.
  • Alam's state of mind was crucial during the feat, as he was reciting the Quran in his cockpit, ready to defend against Indian attacks.
  • Evidence supports Alam's achievements, with war veterans endorsing his success in downing Indian planes.
  • Despite Alam's heroics, he faced challenges in the 1971 war due to political and personal conflicts within the Air Force.
  • Pakistan Navy played a significant role in the 1965 war by engaging India at Dwarka, protecting Karachi from potential attacks.
  • The Navy's successful operation at Dwarka prevented further Indian aggression towards Karachi.
  • Pakistan's ground troops, Air Force heroes like Sarfaraz Rafiqui, and Navy's performance were commendable during the 1965 war.
  • The political dynamics involving America's support for India and sanctions on Pakistan influenced the war's outcome.
  • Pakistan faced challenges due to America's betrayal and sanctions, while India had support from Russia.
  • China did not provide military aid to Pakistan during the 1965 war, impacting the conflict's resolution and Kashmir's status.

48:22

"1965 War: China's Role, Kashmir Dispute"

  • During the 1965 war, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto attempted to establish a direct relationship between General Ayub Khan and the Chinese leadership.
  • Ayub Khan and Bhutto secretly traveled to China during the war, meeting with Prime Minister Chun Lai who offered support and weapons for a prolonged conflict.
  • China advised Pakistan not to trust America or Russia, warning that both countries would betray Pakistan's interests.
  • The Tashkent Agreement, signed after the war, did not address the root cause of the conflict, Kashmir, leading to disagreements and resignations.
  • A movement against Ayub Khan began in Pakistan due to perceived compromises in the Tashkent Agreement, ultimately resulting in his resignation.
  • The wars between India and Pakistan, including 1965, were centered around the Kashmir issue, with no clear victories for either side in capturing territories.
  • The wars were influenced by political and diplomatic factors, with the ultimate decision needing to come from the Kashmiri people through a plebiscite.
  • Despite ongoing conflicts, the analysis suggests that Pakistan emerged victorious in the 1965 battle, though the overall war remains unresolved.
  • The resolution of the conflict lies with the Kashmiris as a third party, emphasizing the need for their involvement in the decision-making process.
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