What Is Beyond The Edge?

History of the Universe・2 minutes read

The universe is vast and potentially infinite, with complex structures and possibilities. Scientists grapple with the concept of infinity, exploring cosmic phenomena, including the expansion of the universe and the existence of multiple bubble universes.

Insights

  • The human body is composed of 7 octillion atoms, showcasing the incredible complexity and scale of our physical makeup.
  • Scientists grapple with the concept of infinity in the cosmos, from different sizes of infinity proposed by Georg Cantor to the potential scenarios and structures allowed by quantum mechanics, leading to existential dilemmas and a deep sense of the unknown in understanding the infinite universe.

Get key ideas from YouTube videos. It’s free

Recent questions

  • What is the concept of infinity?

    Infinity is a perplexing idea in mathematics and philosophy, representing a limitless or endless quantity or extent. It has been a subject of debate and exploration throughout history, with mathematicians like Georg Cantor introducing the notion of different sizes of infinity. The concept of infinity poses existential dilemmas, as it challenges our understanding of the universe's vastness and complexity, with scientists now encountering actual infinities in the cosmos, from black holes to the expansive universe.

  • How do scientists study the early universe?

    Scientists study the early universe using cosmic microwave background radiation, which provides insights into the universe's infancy. By analyzing this radiation, researchers can uncover details about the universe's early stages, revealing minimal differences on large scales. Tools like the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) have helped observe the universe's flatness, suggesting that it extends infinitely in all directions.

  • What are fractals and their significance?

    Fractals are unique geometrical shapes with self-similar structures regardless of scale, displaying infinite complexity. Mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot visualized fractals using computer graphics in 1980, showcasing their intricate patterns found in nature. Fractals, like the Mandelbrot set, are observed in fern leaves, Romanesque broccoli, and distant galaxy clustering, indicating a scale-independent geometry that permeates the natural world.

  • How does the universe's expansion impact its future?

    The universe is expanding, with galaxies moving away from each other at a rate of 70 km/s per megaparsec on average. This expansion leads to a universe-wide heat death in the distant future, as the universe continues to grow infinitely larger. Despite the potential for infinite time, the expansion of the universe means that we can only explore a finite part of it, as the expansion always outpaces our ability to reach new regions.

  • What is the Wow Signal?

    The Wow Signal is a strong radio noise detected in 1977 that remains a mystery to scientists. It could potentially be from an alien source or a natural phenomenon, sparking curiosity and speculation within the scientific community. The signal's enigmatic nature adds to the intrigue surrounding the search for extraterrestrial intelligence and the mysteries of the cosmos.

Related videos

Summary

00:00

Counting Atoms, Trees, and Infinity

  • Every breath contains about 56 sextillion atoms.
  • The human body is made up of 7 octillion atoms.
  • Planet Earth consists of 100 quindecillion atoms.
  • The observable universe contains up to 100,000 quadrillion vigintillion atoms.
  • The largest number in the cosmos is derived by dividing the total volume of the observable universe by the Planck space.
  • The game of trees involves creating trees with colored seeds, following specific rules.
  • Mathematicians have struggled to count the trees in the game of trees.
  • The concept of infinity has perplexed philosophers and mathematicians throughout history.
  • Georg Cantor introduced the idea of different sizes of infinity, showcasing the complexity of infinite sets.
  • Scientists now face actual infinities in the cosmos, from black holes to the vast expanse of the universe.

18:16

Exploring the Infinite Universe: Cosmologists' Dilemma

  • Cosmologists explore the potentially unknowable universe with better tools and centuries of science, math, and philosophy.
  • Light's speed limit of 300 million meters per second limits how far we can see in space, equating distance with time.
  • The observable universe's edge is defined by light's travel time, expanding space, and the expansion since the first galaxies formed.
  • Despite the vast universe, there's no center or specific hot/cold spots, indicating a homogeneity suggesting inflation's impact.
  • Scientists use cosmic microwave background to study the universe's early stages, revealing minimal differences on large scales.
  • The universe's flatness, observed through advanced tools like WMAP, suggests it extends infinitely in all directions.
  • The Wow Signal, a strong radio noise detected in 1977, remains a mystery, possibly from an alien or natural source.
  • In an infinite universe, all possibilities exist, from stars to life forms, with infinite variations and configurations.
  • The universe's potential scenarios include infinite structures and emptiness, with quantum mechanics allowing for all possibilities.
  • Confronting the concept of infinity poses existential dilemmas, with cosmologists unable to predict or understand the infinite cosmos.

37:12

"Fractals, Expansion, and Infinite Universes"

  • Benoit Mandelbrot, a mathematician, used computer graphics in 1980 to visualize fractals, unique geometries with self-similar structures regardless of scale, displaying infinite complexity.
  • Fractals, like the Mandelbrot set, are found in nature, such as in fern leaves, Romanesque broccoli, and distant galaxy clustering, suggesting a scale-independent geometry.
  • The observable universe is expanding, with galaxies moving away from each other at an average rate of 70 km/s per megaparsec, leading to a universe-wide heat death in the far future.
  • The universe will keep expanding until it becomes infinitely large, taking an infinite amount of time, and even with infinite time, we could only explore a finite part of it due to expansion always being ahead.
  • The universe may have bloomed from an infinitely small, dense, and hot point, expanding from a point that was infinitely small, dense, and hot, with the observable universe possibly much older than 13.8 billion years.
  • Eternal inflation theory suggests our local universe is part of an eternal whole, consisting of infinitely many bubble universes, each at different stages of development, separated by infinite space.
Channel avatarChannel avatarChannel avatarChannel avatarChannel avatar

Try it yourself — It’s free.