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What Happens to Your Body in a Coma? And Other Body Experiences - Compilation

The Infographics Show・110 minutes read

Comas are different from sleep, with various causes and types like vegetative states and brain death, requiring medical intervention for care. Decomposition processes and challenges of living underwater are detailed, concluding with a focus on public speaking anxiety and strategies for overcoming fear.

Insights

Comas render individuals unresponsive to external stimuli, with various causes like trauma, strokes, and illnesses.
Medically induced comas are used to protect the brain from swelling, with different coma types including vegetative states and brain death.
Coma patients require intensive care like IV feeding, intubation, and may develop bed sores due to immobility.
Research on coma treatment is ongoing, with methods like stimulating the vagus nerve showing promise but varying results.
The story of Jack's decomposition serves as a reminder of the inevitability of mortality, showcasing the body's stages post-death.

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Recent questions

What is a coma?
A coma is a state of unconsciousness where a person cannot respond to external stimuli, different from sleep.

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Summary

00:00

Understanding Comas: Causes, Treatments, and Recovery

Comas are different from sleep, rendering a person unable to respond to external stimuli.
In the past, extreme treatments like exposing the body to flames or emptying the stomach were used to shock coma patients back to consciousness.
Comas can result from trauma, strokes, brain tumors, drug abuse, or illnesses like diabetes.
Medically induced comas are used to protect the brain from swelling during physical trauma or diseases.
Different types of comas exist, including vegetative states, catatonia, brain death, and stupor.
In a coma, the brain shows no awareness or cognitive processing, with the body continuing basic functions like breathing and heart pumping.
Coma patients require IVs for feeding, intubation for clear airways, and may experience muscle atrophy.
Bed sores, or pressure ulcers, are a common issue for coma patients due to immobility and can lead to severe complications if untreated.
Most coma patients recover within a few weeks, with ongoing research improving treatment methods.
Stimulating the vagus nerve has shown promise in bringing some coma patients to a minimal state of consciousness, but results vary widely among individuals.

13:20

"Jack's Decomposition: A Universal Fate"

Paul, after being cold and hungry, enjoyed entertainment on land with an underwater TV, watching movies like Planet of the Apes and playing Checkers with divers.
Chinese water torture is a practice where political prisoners are submerged, rendering them immobile, highlighting the dangers of prolonged water immersion.
Dr. Fromowitz explains that extended time in water leads to skin breakdown, forming vesicles after two days, eventually causing skin to peel and infections to develop.
After a week in water, infections, sores, and blood clots can lead to death, emphasizing the risks of prolonged bathtub stays.
Jack's death resulted from severe constipation due to pain medications, leading to Sudden Cardiac Arrest and subsequent brain death.
Post-death, Jack's body underwent stages like primary flaccidity, pallor mortis, and algor mortis, followed by liver mortis and rigor mortis, showcasing the body's decomposition process.
Decomposition stages included bloating, blister formation, and gases emitting foul odors, with specific gases like cadaverine and putricine contributing to the stench.
Jack's autopsy revealed the cause of death as complications from painkillers, leading to organ removal and eventual burial after embalming and cosmetic preparation.
Jack's body underwent decomposition in the coffin, with factors like coffin type and burial environment affecting the process, resulting in eventual degradation to human soup.
The story of Jack's decomposition serves as a reminder of the universal fate of all individuals, highlighting the inevitability of decomposition and the commonality of mortality.

26:03

Ocean scavengers consume human body at sea.

When a human body ends up at the bottom of the sea, it can attract scavengers like sharks.
The ocean is divided into two biomes, with the upper surface teeming with life and the ocean floor inhabited by creatures like crabs and shrimp.
The bottom of the ocean is very cold, between zero and three degrees Celsius, due to high pressures preventing water from freezing.
Lysian acid amphipods, tiny shrimp-like creatures, are the first to consume a corpse at the bottom of the ocean.
These amphipods enter the body through openings like the eyes, mouth, and wounds, consuming the soft organs first.
After the amphipods have devoured the soft tissues, larger prawns like pandalis planticeros move in to consume any remaining tough tissues.
In highly oxygenated waters, a corpse can be reduced to bleached bones in just 10 days due to the feeding frenzy of these creatures.
Dehydration is a significant risk in the ocean, as a person may not survive more than three to five days without water.
Drinking salty ocean water can lead to salt poisoning, causing the tongue to swell and the mouth to foam.
To adapt to aquatic life, humans can look to tribes like the bajao people of Indonesia, who have evolved larger spleens for efficient oxygen use during free diving.

39:03

"Artificial Gill System Enables Extended Underwater Survival"

Scientists in Japan are developing an artificial Gill system, inspired by a diving spider, to enable humans to survive underwater for extended periods.
The Amphibio system, made from a hydrophobic 3D printable material, includes a vest with air bladders extracting oxygen from water and feeding it into a face mask.
Liquid breathing is being explored as another method for humans to live underwater, already used in medical treatments for severe pulmonary trauma and premature babies.
Danish scientists have created a crystal-like substance, including Cobalt Crystal, to absorb oxygen from air or water, releasing it with heat, potentially aiding humans in breathing underwater.
Tim Yarrow set a world record for the longest time spent underwater, eating through a tube and using a catheter for waste disposal, highlighting challenges of living underwater.
Humans adapting to an aquatic lifestyle would require evolving to separate respiratory and digestive systems, potentially resembling seals with adaptations like gills, body fat, and webbed limbs.
In space, lack of oxygen would cause immediate lung rupture if holding breath, with subsequent water vaporization causing swelling, sunburn from solar radiation, and freezing temperatures.
Decomposition in space differs from Earth due to lack of atmospheric gases, preserving bodies for millions of years, with bacteria killed by extreme radiation and temperatures.
Mount Everest, a dangerous mountain, has claimed over 304 lives, with many bodies remaining on the mountain due to the challenges and costs of recovery missions.
Everest's unique freezing climate preserves bodies, leading to eerie encounters for climbers, with the mountain also facing challenges of increasing trash and bodies littering its slopes.

52:03

"Everest Bodies: Recovery Challenges and Climate Impact"

Gale force winds on Everest can dislodge bodies, moving them to inaccessible locations or crushing them behind glaciers.
The mountain's grip on bodies poses challenges, with growing pressure to remove them due to safety hazards and religious beliefs.
Bodies on Everest often freeze in place, making detachment difficult and posing logistical challenges for recovery.
Two primary methods exist for body recovery: expensive helicopter rescues or more affordable expeditions to locate and carry bodies off the mountain.
Climbers often decide in advance whether they want their bodies recovered or left on the mountain, signing Body Disposal forms.
The world's warming climate is causing snow to melt on Everest, exposing long-buried bodies and potentially impacting climbing conditions.
Nepal's tourism Ministry is collecting names of missing climbers and sending volunteers to collect trash and bodies from the mountain.
Foreign climbers are urged to respect privacy and avoid risky shots, with discussions on potentially closing the summit to tourists to preserve the mountain.
Coca-Cola ingredients include carbonated water, sugar, phosphoric acid, caramel color, and natural flavorings, with a closely guarded secret formula.
Sitting in a Coca-Cola bath for an extended period may cause skin to feel sticky due to sugar content, with potential concerns about phosphoric acid but diluted acid poses no harm.

01:04:26

Effects of Nuclear Explosion and Soda Bath

Staying awake for 24 hours causes fatigue, making it hard to stay focused and alert.
Sitting in a bathtub of cola for 24 hours leads to stiffness, pain, and sensitive skin.
Washing off the soda leaves the skin feeling tight and tender, requiring gentle washing.
The caramel color staining from the soda may take multiple baths to disappear.
Skin becomes itchy and sensitive after the soda bath, requiring cautious handling.
Loose clothing and gradual skin recovery are recommended post-soda bath.
A nuclear explosion's effects vary based on distance, with a one Megaton bomb as a reference point.
Being approximately a mile away from a nuclear explosion results in instant incineration and atomization of the body.
Standing between one to three miles away leads to severe burns, pain, and eventual death.
Beyond three miles, the danger shifts to flying debris causing blunt force trauma and potential impalement.

01:17:13

Nuclear EMPs: Impact on Vital Organs

Electrical stimulus is crucial for vital organs, but an EMP from a nuclear explosion can disrupt pacemakers, leading to heart strain and potential heart attacks.
Monitors regulating brain function and life-sustaining devices in hospitals would cease to function due to the EMP, causing immediate flatlining post-explosion.
Radiation from a nuclear blast poses a significant threat, with fallout extending for miles and two types of exposure: external, ripping through the skin, and internal, inhaled particles causing long-term complications.
Ingesting irradiated particles from contaminated food, water, or air can lead to various cancers, affecting organs like the lungs, stomach, colon, and intestines.
Radiation exposure, even from a distance, can result in cancer, impacting various body systems and potentially leading to a miserable existence and death.
Nuclear fallout can travel great distances, affecting individuals even far from the blast site, with the concentration of contaminated particles decreasing with distance.
The history of anatomy traces back to ancient Egyptians, who excelled in surgical treatments and mummification, preserving organs to prevent decay.
Anatomy's popularity surged in the 18th and 19th centuries, driven by empiricism, necessitating research and experimentation, with a need for bodies leading to body theft and later donation laws.
Donating one's body to science involves a rigorous screening process, disqualifying those with contagious diseases, and allows for various uses like testing new medical devices and aiding surgical training.
Donated bodies can assist in robotic surgery, laser treatment testing, and even military experiments, providing valuable data for weapon development and safety tests, potentially saving lives.

01:30:36

Deception in Social Interactions: Truth vs Lies

Little white lies are common in social interactions, despite the value placed on honesty.
The frequency of lying varies among individuals, with expectations of lying differing based on one's profession.
Detecting lies often involves discrepancies between verbal and non-verbal cues, such as facial expressions and body language.
Lying requires managing multiple narratives simultaneously, including true knowledge, desired truth, presented truth, and associated emotions.
Lying triggers increased brain activity, particularly in the frontal lobe, limbic system, and regions involved in imagination and memory.
Stress responses, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, are common when lying, leading to physical manifestations like reddening ears and self-pacifying gestures.
Eye movements are theorized to reveal cognitive functions, with different directions indicating visual memory recall or imagination.
Physical stress from lying can cause shoulder tension, increased respiration, and higher blood pressure, with faster breathing often signaling deception.
Fear of failure, particularly in public speaking, is deeply ingrained due to evolutionary pressures to avoid ostracism from social groups.
Public speaking anxiety triggers physiological responses like increased heart rate, stress hormone release, and self-awareness, followed by potential satisfaction or further anxiety based on audience reactions.

01:43:19

Overcoming Fear in Public Speaking with Elements

Boxers and writers often experience fear, which drives them to excel in their fields. To overcome fear in public speaking, follow the three R's: reason, reveal, and resolution. Have a clear purpose for speaking, reveal important information, and provide a conclusion. If lacking these elements, it might be best to refrain from speaking until prepared.
Despite fears of public speaking, remember that nothing is truly life-threatening. Embrace self-awareness, care less about others' opinions, and focus on delivering a well-prepared presentation. Utilize Elements by Envato for professional presentation templates and assets to enhance your public speaking skills.

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