What Are the New Discoveries in Human Biology? - with Dan Davis
The Royal Institution・2 minutes read
The significance of unseen elements, like the ball in football, is discussed to make sense of complex systems, such as the human body, as highlighted in the book "The Secret Body" through advancements like the GFP gene, super-resolution microscopes, and cell analysis instruments. These innovations have led to groundbreaking discoveries in understanding cellular functions, immune responses, and diseases, with the Human Cell Atlas project paving the way for personalized healthcare based on individual cell characteristics.
Insights
- Postulating unseen elements, like the ball in football, is crucial to understanding complex systems, such as the human body, as highlighted in "The Secret Body" book, which delves into six levels of human body comprehension.
- The development of super-resolution microscopes by scientists like Eric Betzig and Harold Hess has revolutionized cell imaging, enabling detailed visualization of cellular processes, intricate protein interactions, and cytoskeleton rearrangement, with implications for cancer treatment and immune responses.
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Recent questions
What is the significance of the GFP discovery?
The discovery of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in jellyfish and its subsequent use in scientific research revolutionized the visualization of specific cells within organisms. By making cells glow green, researchers were able to track and study individual cells and proteins in living organisms, providing valuable insights into cellular processes and interactions. Despite initial skepticism, the GFP discovery paved the way for advancements in cell imaging and understanding complex biological systems.
How did Len and Lee Hertzenberg contribute to cell analysis?
Len and Lee Hertzenberg developed a cell sorting instrument called "The Wizard," which revolutionized cell analysis in hospitals and labs. This instrument allowed for the individual analysis of immune cells based on properties like color and size, enabling researchers to classify different cell populations based on protein levels. The Wizard's innovative technology significantly advanced the understanding of cell types and their functions, leading to breakthroughs in medical research and diagnostics.
What is the goal of the Human Cell Atlas project?
The Human Cell Atlas project, led by Avi Regev, aims to map all 37 trillion cells in the human body to understand their functions comprehensively. By categorizing and studying cells from various parts of the body, researchers hope to identify different cell types, their roles in health and disease, and how they interact within the body. This deep understanding of cells and their functions is expected to revolutionize medical practices, potentially leading to personalized healthcare based on individual cell characteristics.
How did Eric Betzig and Harold Hess revolutionize cell imaging?
Eric Betzig and Harold Hess developed a revolutionary super-resolution microscope that surpassed the diffraction limit, enabling high-resolution imaging of individual molecules in cells. By using a unique imaging technique and basic materials, they visualized intricate protein interactions at cell contacts, shedding light on immune responses and cell-cell communication. Their microscope transformed cell imaging, allowing detailed visualization of cellular processes and providing valuable insights into biological systems.
What impact did the discovery of Revlimid have on cancer treatment?
Revlimid, also known as Lenolidomide, is a derivative of thalidomide used to treat multiple myeloma by enhancing immune cells' ability to kill cancer cells. This cancer drug has been particularly beneficial for patients with Chijakugashi syndrome, a genetic disease that weakens immune cells' killing ability. By opening up actin mesh lines in immune cells, Revlimid helps these cells kill infected or cancerous cells more effectively, highlighting the significant impact of this discovery on cancer treatment and patient outcomes.