Transportation in Animals and Plants Class 7 Science (Biology) in One-Shot | CBSE Class 7 Exams 2023
BYJU'S - Class 6, 7 & 8・2 minutes read
The class focuses on transportation in plants and animals, covering the digestive system, cellular respiration, circulatory system, and blood components. The text delves into the role of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, pulse rate measurement, heart structure and function, excretion, and transportation in plants through xylem and phloem.
Insights
- Cells in the body undergo cellular respiration to release energy from glucose, which is crucial for the body's functioning.
- The circulatory system, composed of blood, blood vessels, and the heart, transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste, with different components like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets playing distinct roles in maintaining bodily functions.
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Recent questions
What is the main function of red blood cells?
Transport oxygen due to hemoglobin.
How does the circulatory system transport nutrients?
Through blood vessels like arteries, veins, and capillaries.
What is the role of white blood cells in the immune system?
Protect against harmful microorganisms.
How does the human heart function?
Through rhythmic contraction and relaxation.
What is the purpose of the excretory system in the human body?
Remove nitrogenous metabolic waste to prevent toxicity.
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Summary
00:00
Transportation Systems in Plants and Animals
- The class is focused on covering the chapter on transportation in plants and animals.
- The teacher, Awara, emphasizes the importance of the chapter for upcoming exams.
- The transportation system involves moving essential items and waste, similar to garbage trucks collecting waste.
- In the human body, food is broken down in the digestive system for energy through cellular respiration.
- Cellular respiration occurs in cells, not just the lungs, to release energy from glucose.
- The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste like carbon dioxide and urea.
- Blood, blood vessels, and the heart are components of the circulatory system.
- Blood consists of plasma (fluid part) and cells like red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.
- RBCs transport oxygen due to hemoglobin, giving blood its red color.
- WBCs lack pigment, are colorless, and play a role in the immune system.
16:58
Blood Components and Their Vital Functions
- White blood cells (WBCs) protect against harmful microorganisms.
- WBCs are referred to as the body's soldiers.
- Platelets have a unique structure and are responsible for blood clotting.
- Blood clotting is crucial to prevent blood loss and maintain nutrient transport.
- Plasma, the fluid part of blood, transports nutrients, hormones, and proteins.
- Red blood cells transport oxygen, white blood cells act as defense, and platelets aid in blood clotting.
- Plasma makes up 55% of blood and contains mainly water.
- The body has over 5 to 6 million red blood cells, 40,000 to 60,000 white blood cells, and numerous platelets.
- Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart at high pressure.
- Veins transport deoxygenated blood towards the heart at lower pressure.
33:40
Understanding the Human Heart and Pulse
- Arteries, veins, and capillaries have been discussed.
- Pulse and pulse rate are important terminologies to understand.
- Pulse is the pressure exerted on arteries as blood flows through them.
- Pulse rate is the number of beats per minute, typically between 72 to 80.
- The radial artery is commonly used to measure pulse rate.
- The heart is a muscular organ situated in the chest between the lungs.
- The heart is made up of specialized cardiac muscles.
- The human heart is a four-chambered organ with two receiving chambers (atria) and two pumping chambers (ventricles).
- The heart is partitioned into right and left sides by a septum to prevent mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
- Blood flows through the heart from veins (Vena Cava) to the right atrium, then to the right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, and out to the body through the aorta.
50:50
Heart and Excretory Systems: Functions and Processes
- The walls of the heart chambers are made of involuntary muscles, leading to rhythmic contraction and relaxation.
- Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per minute, while pulse rate is the number of pulses per minute.
- The pressure exerted on artery walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart causes pulsing movements.
- Adrenaline secretion increases heart rate to supply more blood, glucose, and oxygen to the body.
- The heartbeat is measured using a stethoscope by professionals.
- Excretion is the removal of nitrogenous metabolic waste to prevent toxicity in the body.
- The human excretory system includes kidneys, which filter waste from the blood to form urine.
- Urine is temporarily stored in the urinary bladder before being released through the urethra.
- Different organisms eliminate waste in various forms like ammonia, uric acid, amino acids, and guanine.
- Dialysis, using an artificial kidney, is necessary when the kidneys fail to filter waste properly, known as hemodialysis.
01:08:05
Plant Transport: Xylem, Phloem, and Transpiration
- Plants prepare their own food through photosynthesis, requiring water, and transport this food to different parts of the plant.
- Transport in plants occurs through vascular bundles, specifically xylem and phloem found in the stem of higher plants.
- Xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the upper parts of the plant for photosynthesis.
- Transpiration, the removal of excess water through water vapor from the aerial parts of the plant, aids in creating a suction pull for water transport in xylem.
- Phloem transports food materials bidirectionally, from leaves to upper and lower parts, in contrast to the unidirectional transport of water and minerals by xylem.
- Transpiration provides a cooling effect to plants similar to how sweating cools humans, and it is essential for the plant's overall health.
