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Transport in Plants Class 8 ICSE Biology | Selina Chapter 1 | Xylem And Pholem #1

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Plants utilize photosynthesis to create food, with water absorbed by roots and distributed to leaves through vascular tissues like phloem and xylem, transporting food throughout the plant. The process of translocation in plants involves phloem transporting food from leaves to all plant parts, while xylem moves water and minerals from roots to other areas, with different cell types and processes facilitating these actions.

Insights

  • Plants use photosynthesis to create food from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight, with transportation of water and nutrients occurring through vascular tissues like phloem and xylem.
  • Phloem transports food bidirectionally to all plant parts, requiring ATP energy, while xylem moves water unidirectionally, showcasing the distinct roles of these vascular tissues in plant physiology.

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Recent questions

  • How do plants transport food?

    Plants transport food made in leaves to all parts.

  • What is the function of xylem in plants?

    Xylem transports water and minerals from roots.

  • What are the components of phloem?

    Phloem consists of sieve tubes and companion cells.

  • How does osmosis work in plants?

    Osmosis involves water moving through a membrane.

  • What is the role of ATP in phloem conduction?

    ATP is required for food conduction in phloem.

Related videos

Summary

00:00

Plant Transport: Photosynthesis to Distribution in Vascular Tissues

  • Plants make food through photosynthesis by taking carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.
  • Water is absorbed by roots and transported to leaves for photosynthesis.
  • Food produced in leaves is transported throughout the plant.
  • Transportation in plants involves moving substances absorbed or synthesized to different plant parts.
  • Transporting tissues in plants are called vascular tissues, including phloem and xylem.
  • Phloem transports food made by leaves to all parts of the plant.
  • Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to aerial parts of the plant.
  • Xylem is composed of four types of cells: tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and xylem sclerenchyma.
  • Phloem consists of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibers.
  • Sieve tubes in phloem are cylindrical cells without a nucleus, arranged in vertical rows with perforated walls for food transportation.

18:01

Plant Vessels: Food Transport and Storage

  • Vessels in plants transport food exclusively within the plant, consisting of interconnected pipes known as sieve tubes.
  • Sieve tubes are similar to vessels but have perforated walls between cells, allowing for the conduction of food.
  • Sieve tube cells are supported by living thin-walled companion cells that aid in food conduction.
  • Phloem parenchyma cells, with thin walls, function similarly to xylem parenchyma cells by storing food.
  • Phloem fibers or sclerenchyma cells provide mechanical strength and support to plants.
  • Phloem facilitates the transportation of food prepared by leaves to all plant parts and aids in food storage.
  • Phloem parenchyma cells conduct water bidirectionally, unlike xylem cells that conduct water unidirectionally.
  • Xylem consists of tracheids and vessels for water conduction, while phloem comprises sieve tubes and companion cells for food conduction.
  • Energy in the form of ATP is required for food conduction in phloem, unlike in xylem where no energy is needed.
  • Photosynthesis produces glucose stored as starch, transported as sucrose solution through phloem in a process called translocation.

35:46

Plant Cell Processes: Osmosis, Diffusion, Active Transport

  • The cell wall is freely able, while the cell membrane is semi-permeable.
  • Root hairs are suitable for water absorption due to the semi-permeable nature of the cell membrane.
  • A demonstration with two beakers and a semi-permeable membrane shows water and sugar molecules moving from a diluted to a concentrated side.
  • Osmosis is defined as the movement of water molecules from a diluted to a concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane.
  • Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport are the three molecular movements in plants.
  • Diffusion involves the movement of water and minerals from areas of higher to lower concentration.
  • Osmosis involves water moving through a semi-permeable membrane from areas of higher to lower concentration.
  • Active transport requires energy and involves moving minerals from lower to higher concentration.
  • The ascent of sap refers to the upward movement of water and minerals in plants through the xylem.
  • Root pressure is the pressure developed in roots due to continuous water absorption, pushing water upwards in the xylem.

51:52

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