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TISSUES in 1 Shot || FULL Chapter Coverage (THEORY+PYQs) || Class 9th Biology

Physics Wallah Foundation・150 minutes read

The text discusses the importance of tissues in organisms, emphasizing the role of tissues in organs and organ systems. It explores plant and animal tissues, their functions, and structures, including meristematic and permanent tissues, as well as the various types of epithelial, muscular, connective, and nervous tissues.

Insights

Tissues are groups of cells with a common origin working together for specific functions.
Understanding tissue names and functions is crucial for exams and efficient division of labor in multicellular organisms.
Plant and animal tissues differ due to distinct functions and structures, impacting growth and development.
Meristematic tissues continuously divide for growth, while permanent tissues maintain stability and function.
Various types of tissues in plants and animals serve essential roles like photosynthesis, movement, and protection, highlighting the diversity of functions within the body.

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Recent questions

What are the main types of plant tissues?
Meristematic and Permanent tissues.
What functions do epithelial tissues serve?
Protection and specialized functions.
What are the primary functions of muscular tissues?
Movement and locomotion.
What is the role of connective tissues in the body?
Connecting body parts and providing support.
Where are nervous tissues primarily found in the body?
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

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Summary

00:00

Importance of Tissues in Organisms' Functions

The chapter focuses on tissues and their components, including cells and their functions.
The session emphasizes the importance of knowing tissue names and functions for exams.
Tissues are defined as groups of cells with a common origin working together for a specific function.
The text discusses the importance of tissues in multicellular organisms for efficient division of labor.
Tissues play a crucial role in the functioning of organs and organ systems in the body.
The study of tissues is known as histology, named after French anatomist Xavier Bichat.
Plant and animal tissues differ due to the distinct functions and structures of plants and animals.
Plant tissues are categorized into meristematic tissues, which continuously divide, and permanent tissues, which are unchanging.
Meristematic tissues consist of cells that continuously divide to maintain growth and development.
Permanent tissues are stable and do not undergo further division once they have reached maturity.

15:08

"Permanent tissue cells and their functions"

Permanent tattoos do not change shape or position daily.
Permanent tissue cells do not divide and maintain fixed shape and function.
Permanent tissue cells are derived from meristematic tissue cells.
Intercellular space is present between cells of permanent tissue.
Vacuoles are absent in cells of meristematic tissue but present in permanent tissue cells.
Cell walls of permanent tissue cells can vary in thickness.
Three types of meristematic tissue are apical, lateral, and intercalary meristem.
Apical meristem is found at the tips of plants and roots, responsible for increasing plant height.
Lateral meristem is present inside the stem, increasing plant thickness.
Intercalary meristem is found in grass-type plants and not in all plants.

29:32

Plant Tissues and Growth Mechanisms Explained

Nodes and internodes are discussed in the text, with the area between nodes referred to as internode.
The tissue found between nodes is called intercalary meristem, which helps in cell division and growth.
Intercalary meristem aids in increasing the length of internodes, thereby contributing to the height of the stem.
Primary meristems, including intercalary meristem and apical meristem, help in the lengthwise growth of plants.
Lateral meristem, also known as secondary meristem, contributes to the thickness of plants.
Permanent tissues in plants include meristematic tissue and permanent seen tissue, with the latter divided into simple and complex tissues.
Simple permanent tissues consist of one type of cell, while complex tissues have various cell types.
The three main types of simple permanent tissues are parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma, each with distinct functions.
Parenchyma cells have thin cell walls made of cellulose, while collenchyma cells have unevenly thickened cell walls due to depositions of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin.
Sclerenchyma cells have thick, lignified cell walls, providing structural support to plants.

44:14

Plant Parenchyma: Photosynthesis, Storage, and Strength

Parenchyma is the plant's primary source of photosynthesis.
Parenchyma is involved in storage.
Parenchyma is found in leaves, roots, fruits, and flowers.
Chlorophyll-containing parenchyma is involved in photosynthesis and food formation.
Parenchyma tissues with air cavities help in floating aquatic plants.
Colon chyme tissue provides flexibility to plants and helps in bending.
Tendrils in plants contain colon chyme tissue for flexibility.
Pitol, the part of the leaf that flutters in the wind, contains flexible tissue.
Sclerenchymatous tissue provides strength and hardness to plants.
Xylem and phloem are complex tissues responsible for transporting water, minerals, and food in plants.

58:37

Plant Tissue Functions and Structures

Xylem and phloem are involved in water and mineral transportation in plants.
Xylem fibers provide strength and support to the plant and tissues.
Parenchyma cells in plants are responsible for storage.
Phloem is responsible for transporting food, a process known as translocation.
Xylem contains tracheids, vessels, fibers, and parenchyma cells.
Phloem contains sieve tubes and companion cells.
Xylem cells are living, while fibers are dead.
Protective tissues in plants include epidermis and cork tissue.
Epidermis acts as the outermost layer of cells in plants, protecting them from external factors.
Cuticle, a wax-like substance, is present on the epidermis of some desert plants for additional protection.

01:13:01

Desert plants and cork tissue protect water

Desert plants undergo transpiration, where water does not easily escape due to the cuticle layer made of waxy substance called cutin.
The cuticle layer, made of cutin, prevents water loss in desert plants by not allowing water to escape easily.
Stomata, tiny pore-like structures in the epidermis, help in gas exchange and water movement in plants.
The epidermis, the outer layer of plants, provides protection against injuries and pathogens, preventing water loss.
Cork tissue, found in stems, leaves, and roots, contains suberin in its cell wall, preventing water and gas loss.
Cork tissue, with its dead cells and suberin content, serves as a protective layer in plants.
Cork tissue's intercellular space is absent, providing further protection against water and gas loss.
Cork tissue is commercially used due to its protective properties against mechanical injury and water loss.
Cork tissue resembles feathers on a shuttlecock, providing protection and preventing water loss in plants.
Animal tissues, including epithelium, muscular, connective, and nervous tissues, serve various functions like protection, movement, connection, and nerve signaling in the body.

01:27:29

Understanding Epithelial Tissue: Types and Functions

Epithelial tissue is discussed, which is found on organs and serves various functions.
Epithelial tissue is classified into different types based on its structure and location.
The basement membrane is a crucial part of epithelial tissue, providing support and structure.
Epithelial tissue can be simple, stratified, or compound based on the number of cell layers.
Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells, while stratified epithelium has multiple layers.
Different types of epithelium include squamous, columnar, and cuboidal epithelium.
Squamous epithelium is flat and thin, found in areas like the mouth and esophagus.
Columnar epithelium consists of pillar-like cells, aiding in absorption and digestion in the intestines.
Cuboidal epithelium, with cube-shaped cells, is present in glands like salivary glands and helps in reabsorption.
Ciliated epithelium, with hair-like structures, is found in the respiratory tract and female reproductive system, aiding in movement and filtration.

01:42:39

"Muscle Types and Functions in Body"

Ciliated epithelium has tiny hair-like structures called cilia on its free surface.
Cilia continuously move and can cause a shock if they come in contact with anything.
Muscular tissue provides movement and locomotion in the body.
Muscular tissue is made up of muscle cells or fibers.
There are three types of muscles in the body: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
Skeletal muscles are voluntary and attached to bones, allowing movement as per one's wish.
Smooth muscles lack striations and are found in organs like the stomach and blood vessels.
Cardiac muscles are present in the heart and function to pump blood rhythmically.
Skeletal muscles have a striped appearance due to dark and light bands, while smooth muscles lack this pattern.
Muscles can contract and relax continuously, with skeletal muscles getting tired easily compared to smooth and cardiac muscles.

01:57:33

"Body Tissues: Muscles, Blood, Connective Tissue Overview"

Muscles in the body work continuously, but they can get tired, especially the heart muscles.
Different types of muscles in the body enable various movements and functions.
Muscular tissue is composed of different types, with specific structures, locations, and functions.
Connective tissue is another type of animal tissue, crucial for connecting body parts and providing a framework.
Blood is a fluid connective tissue that transports gases, digested food, hormones, and waste materials in the body.
Plasma is the liquid matrix of blood, containing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
White blood cells produce antibodies to fight infections, while platelets help in blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding.
Ligaments connect bones together, while tendons connect muscles to bones, specifically skeletal muscles.
Understanding the differences between ligaments, tendons, and muscles is essential for grasping their roles in the body.
Detailed knowledge of the structure, functions, and interactions of different tissues in the body is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of human anatomy.

02:12:16

Connective Tissues: Bones, Ligaments, and Cartilage

Ligaments are connective tissues that attach muscles to bones.
MT B muscle tendon attaches muscles to bones, while ligaments attach bones to bones.
Ligaments are non-elastic, tough, and stabilize bones.
Cartilage is flexible and found at bone ends, like in the nose and outer ear.
Bones have a matrix of bone cells, proteins, and minerals, needing calcium for strength.
Cartilage cells are called condrocytes, with proteins and sugars in their matrix.
Bones provide skeletal support, protect organs, and have cartilage for flexibility.
Cartilage prevents bone friction, and ligaments connect bones.
Areolar tissue fills spaces in the body, aiding in healing and fighting foreign substances.
Adipose tissue stores fat, helps regulate temperature, and surrounds organs for protection.

02:25:44

Understanding Nervous Tissue in the Body

The chapter discusses nervous tissue and its presence in the nervous system.
Nervous tissue is the tissue that makes up the nervous system.
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
The spinal cord is connected to the brain and is housed within the backbone.
The nervous system is crucial for communication within the body.
Neurons are the specialized cells that make up nervous tissue.
Neurons send messages and help in communication between body parts.
Neurons have a main body, dendrites, axon, and nerve endings.
The axon is covered with a myelin sheath for faster signal transmission.
The function of neurons is to transport messages from one part of the body to another.

02:40:35

Types and Functions of Body Tissues

Neurons receive information from nerve endings, which are the final part of the nerve.
Plant tissues are classified into two types: Meristematic and Permanent.
Meristematic tissues include apical, lateral, intercalary, and calcarious meristems.
Permanent tissues consist of Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchymatous, Phloem, and Epidermis.
Epithelial tissues provide protection, while Muscular tissues enable movement.
Connective tissues include ligaments, tendons, and cartilage.
Blood is a type of connective tissue, while adipose tissue stores fat.
Bones contain calcium, phosphorus, and proteins in their matrix.
Nervous tissues are found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, facilitating signal transmission.

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