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Tissues Complete Chapter🔥| CLASS 9th Science| NCERT covered | Prashant Kirad

Exphub 9th &10th・2 minutes read

Prashant Bhaiya introduces the concept of plant tissues through stories, emphasizing understanding over memorization, explaining the differences between meristematic and permanent tissues in plant growth and functioning. The lecture discusses the various types of tissues, including parenchyma, sclerenchymatous, xylem, phloem, epithelial, muscular, and connective tissues, highlighting their functions and importance in plant and animal biology.

Insights

  • Plant tissues consist of meristematic and permanent tissues, with the former focusing on growth and cell division, while the latter serves specific functions and lacks growth capabilities.
  • Meristematic tissues include apical, lateral, and intercalary meristems, each responsible for distinct growth functions in plants.
  • Permanent tissues like parenchyma, chyme, and sclerenchymatous tissues provide support, storage, and toughness to plants, with varying cell structures and functions.
  • Understanding the differences between xylem and phloem, including their roles in water and food transport, living and dead components, and mechanical support, is crucial for comprehending plant biology.

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Recent questions

  • What are plant tissues?

    Plant tissues are groups of cells with similar shapes and functions that work together to perform specific activities in plants. They form organs and organ systems to carry out essential functions in the plant's body.

  • What is the difference between meristematic and permanent tissues?

    Meristematic tissues focus on plant growth, with cells capable of division and small in size, while permanent tissues do not focus on growth, have larger cells with varying shapes, and lack vacuoles. Meristematic tissues gradually convert into permanent tissues over time.

  • How do apical meristems contribute to plant growth?

    Apical meristems are found at the tips of stems and roots, promoting upward and downward growth in plants. They help increase stem or root length through primary growth, which refers to length and height increase in plants.

  • What are the key components of phloem tissues?

    Phloem tissues consist of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers, and phloem parenchyma, each serving specific functions in food transportation and storage within plants. The sieve tube acts as a transport system for food, while phloem fibers provide mechanical support to the sieve tube.

  • How do xylem and phloem tissues differ in function?

    Xylem tissues transport water, providing mechanical strength to the plant, while phloem tissues transport food and support the sieve tube for efficient food transportation. Xylem has dead cells like tracheids and vessels, while phloem has living components like sieve tubes and companion cells.

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Summary

00:00

Plant Tissues: Growth and Function Explained

  • Prashant Bhaiya introduces a lecture on plant tissues for class ninth students, emphasizing understanding over memorization.
  • The concept of tissues is explained through stories to aid in comprehension.
  • Tissues are groups of cells with similar shape and function that work together to perform specific functions.
  • Tissues form organs, which in turn create organ systems to carry out specific activities in the body.
  • Meristematic tissues focus on plant growth, with cells capable of division and small in size.
  • Permanent tissues do not focus on growth, have larger cells with varying shapes, and lack vacuoles.
  • Intracellular spaces are generally absent in permanent tissues, while cell walls can be thick or thin.
  • Meristematic tissues include apical, lateral, and intercalary meristems, each responsible for different growth functions in plants.
  • Apical meristems are found at the tips of stems and roots, promoting upward and downward growth in plants.
  • Understanding the differences between meristematic and permanent tissues aids in grasping the concepts of plant growth and tissue functions.

12:02

Plant Growth and Tissue Types Explained

  • Leaves or tips aid in growth, driven by apical meristem.
  • Apical meristem helps increase stem or root length, known as primary growth.
  • Primary growth refers to length and height increase, while secondary growth involves width growth.
  • Lateral meristem thickens roots and stems, aiding in growth.
  • Intercalary meristem focuses on growth between nodes, aiding in internode growth.
  • Meristematic tissues contribute to plant healing by cell division.
  • Permanent tissues do not divide and have intercellular spaces.
  • Meristematic tissues gradually convert into permanent tissues over time.
  • Permanent tissues include simple permanent and complex tissues.
  • Parenchyma stores food, supports plants, and has thin-walled, living cells with intercellular spaces.

24:04

Plant tissues provide flexibility, toughness, and support.

  • Plant dhandiya is flexible and provides flexibility to the colon chyme.
  • Kalka Ima tissues are found in leaf stocks, attached to the leaves, providing flexibility for bending.
  • Colon Kama is a living cell with thick corners, crucial for diagrams and MCQs.
  • Colon Kaim has little space due to vacuoles, aiding in toughness.
  • PCS stands for Parenchyma, Chyme, and Sclerenchymatous tissues, providing toughness.
  • Sclerenchymatous tissues like coconut husks and walnut shells have thick cell walls for toughness.
  • Xylem and phloem are two types of complexion tissues, with xylem transporting water and phloem transporting food.
  • Xylem has four types of cells, with tracheids and vessels being dead, and xylem parenchyma being living.
  • Xylem fibers provide mechanical support and toughness, ensuring the plant grows straight.
  • Xylem parenchyma stores food and xylem fibers have thick walls for support, forming annual rings in tree trunks.

35:53

Plant Tissues: Xylem vs. Phloem Functions

  • Xylem parenchyma is crucial for living track aid vessels and xylem fiber, which is a dead cell providing mechanical support.
  • The story revolves around a brother supplying water with the help of three dead and one living individuals, emphasizing the importance of understanding the diagram.
  • Distractions like excessive phone use during lectures can lead to missing critical information, impacting future career decisions.
  • The second brother, phloem, focuses on providing support to the plant and transporting food, distinct from xylem's role.
  • Phloem consists of four components: sieve tube, companion cell, phloem fiber, and phloem parenchyma, each serving a specific function in food transportation and storage.
  • The sieve tube acts as a transport system for food, with sieve plates at its ends and slime protein aiding in growth and repair.
  • Phloem fiber provides mechanical support to the sieve tube, ensuring efficient food transportation within the plant.
  • Key differences between xylem and phloem include their unidirectional and bidirectional food and water transport, as well as the presence of living and dead elements in each.
  • Xylem offers mechanical strength to the plant, while phloem focuses solely on supporting the sieve tube for food transport.
  • Understanding plant tissues, such as meristematic, permanent, and animal tissues, through stories aids in grasping their functions and importance in plant biology.

47:00

Plant and Animal Epidermis: Protective Layers and Functions

  • The outermost layer of a plant is the Epidermis, which contains stomata for gas exchange.
  • The Epidermis controls the movement of gases and water in and out of the plant.
  • Desert plants thicken their Epidermis with cuticles to prevent water loss.
  • The Epidermis in roots increases surface area for better water absorption.
  • Cork tissue, also known as bark, is the outer protective coat of a plant's stem.
  • Cork tissue protects the plant from water loss, bacterial, and fungal infections.
  • Epithelium is a type of animal tissue that acts as a protective layer over organs.
  • Epithelium does not contain blood vessels and covers organs and hollow cavities.
  • Squamous epithelium is a thin single-layered tissue found in the mouth and blood vessels.
  • Stratified squamous epithelium is a thicker multi-layered tissue found in the skin and esophagus.

58:11

"Types and Functions of Muscular Tissues"

  • Cubedots are formed in the tissue in the form of cubes inside the main nephron in the kidneys.
  • Cubedots are present in the intestines where food is absorbed.
  • Ciliated epithelium, with hair-like structures, is found in the nasal cavity and respiratory tract for breathing.
  • Epithelial tissue is found in the mouth, skin, and nephron.
  • Muscular tissue allows movement, like walking, and is present in the body.
  • Muscular tissues have three types: striated or skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles.
  • Striated muscles are voluntary and attached to bones, allowing movement controlled by the individual.
  • Smooth muscles are involuntary and spindle-shaped, found in organs like the esophagus for automatic movement.
  • Cardiac muscles are found in the heart, responsible for pumping blood, and are involuntary.
  • Differences between the three types of muscles include control, location, nuclei, cytoplasm, fatigue, and functions in the body.

01:09:45

"Connective Tissue: Body's Structural Framework and Transport"

  • Connective tissue provides a structural framework for transporting things throughout the body.
  • It connects body parts and offers protection against infection.
  • Connective tissue also stores fat and fills empty spaces in the body.
  • Blood is the main tissue of connective tissue, serving as a fluid for transporting various substances.
  • The main function of blood is to transport gases, digested food, hormones, waste products, and provide protection.
  • Blood consists of plasma, red blood corpuscles (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets.
  • RBC contain hemoglobin for transporting oxygen and are known as the body's soldiers.
  • Platelets aid in blood clotting to heal injuries.
  • Tendons connect bones, ligaments connect bones to muscles, and cartilage is a soft, elastic material.
  • Adipose tissue stores fat globules and regulates body temperature, while areolar tissue fills spaces between organs.

01:21:36

"Human nervous system and plant tissues compared"

  • The human nervous system deals with signals and is illustrated through a personal memory involving a report card incident.
  • The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, which transmit signals throughout the body.
  • Neurons are the functional units of the nervous system, with dendrites collecting signals, cell bodies processing them, and axons transmitting them.
  • Nerve endings receive signals and transfer them to the brain for processing, enabling responses to stimuli.
  • The nervous system allows animals to perceive and respond to stimuli, such as avoiding obstacles while running.
  • Neurons are interconnected in a chain, with signals passing from one neuron to the next until reaching the brain for interpretation.
  • Plant tissues differ from animal tissues in terms of movement, cell composition, and growth patterns.
  • Plant tissues lack muscular tissue, have mostly dead cells, and exhibit limited growth in comparison to animal tissues.
  • Plant tissues are stationary, with growth occurring in specific directions, while animal tissues are more complex and varied.
  • Understanding the differences between plant and animal tissues involves recognizing their unique characteristics and functions.

01:33:06

Cell Characteristics in Respiratory Tract and Division

  • Epithelial cells are found in the lining of the respiratory tract, also known as the nasal tracks, located inside the nose.
  • Meristematic cells lack vacuoles, which are essential for cell division due to their space-taking nature.
  • Scalar chyme tissue lacks intercellular spaces due to the presence of a cement substance called lignin, providing toughness to the cells.
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