The rise and fall of the medieval Islamic Empire - Petra Sijpesteijn & Birte Kristiansen
TED-Ed・2 minutes read
The prophet Muhammad united the Arabian Peninsula through Islam, with caliphs from his tribe expanding the empire by conquering neighboring regions. Successive dynasties like the Umayyads and Abbasids shaped the empire culturally and politically, with Baghdad becoming a center of trade and innovation before its destruction by the Mongols in 1258 CE.
Insights
- Muhammad united the Arabian Peninsula through Islam in the 7th century, leading to a powerful empire with Medina as its political center, followed by expansion under the first caliphs who conquered Persians and Byzantines.
- The Abbasid rule in Baghdad brought cultural and scientific advancements but faced challenges due to chaotic succession, corruption, and favoritism, culminating in the destruction of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258 CE, signaling the end of the united Islamic Empire.
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Who united the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century?
Muhammad
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