The Assassination of Julius Caesar (The Ides of March, 44 B.C.E.)

Historia Civilis2 minutes read

The conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar involved key figures like Cassius, Marcus Brutus, and Decimus Brutus, with 60 Senators joining the plot. The assassination on the Ides of March involved multiple stab wounds, with only five individuals believed to have struck Caesar while he was alive, and resulted in Caesar's death despite his last words in Greek.

Insights

  • The conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar involved prominent figures like Cassius Longinus, Marcus Brutus, and Decimus Brutus, aiming to remove Caesar from power due to fears of him becoming a king.
  • The assassination on the Ides of March was meticulously planned, with the conspirators settling on a Senate meeting as the location, using hidden daggers and smuggled weapons. The attack resulted in 23 wounds on Caesar, with only five individuals, including Brutus, striking him while alive, and the fatal blow delivered by Casca's brother.

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Recent questions

  • Who were the key figures in the conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar?

    Cassius Longinus, Marcus Brutus, Decimus Brutus

  • How many Senators joined the conspiracy to remove Caesar from power?

    Sixty Senators

  • What warning did Caesar receive about the Ides of March?

    Caesar was subtly warned by the priest Spurinna

  • How did the conspirators convince Caesar to attend the Senate meeting on the Ides of March?

    Decimus fabricated a lie about a bill allowing Caesar to be king outside Italy

  • How many wounds were found on Caesar's body after the assassination?

    23 wounds

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Summary

00:00

Conspiracy to Kill Caesar: Key Figures Revealed

  • The conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar involved three key figures: Cassius Longinus, Marcus Brutus, and Decimus Brutus.
  • Cassius, an experienced soldier and general, had previously fought the Parthians under Crassus and later commanded a Pompeian fleet during the Civil War.
  • Caesar recognized Cassius's talent, pardoned him, and put him in charge of a legion destined for Egypt.
  • Marcus Brutus, aligned with the ultra-conservative Cato, was not a military man but had a good relationship with Caesar due to his mother's long-standing relationship with him.
  • Decimus Brutus, a dyed-in-the-wool Caesarian, served under Caesar in Gaul and was elected Praetor.
  • The conspiracy believed Caesar was becoming a king and decided he had to die, leading to the involvement of top politicians like Gaius Trebonius, Tillius Cimber, and Publius Servilius Casca.
  • Sixty Senators joined the conspiracy, aiming to remove Caesar from power.
  • The conspirators debated various plans to assassinate Caesar, including during elections, on a bridge, or using Decimus's gladiators.
  • Caesar's sudden announcement of leaving Rome on March 18th forced the conspirators to expedite their plans.
  • The conspirators settled on assassinating Caesar during a Senate meeting on March 15th, the Ides of March, and devised a plan involving hidden daggers and smuggled weapons.

15:15

Caesar's Assassination on the Ides of March

  • Cassius and the ex-Pompeians were convinced by an argument to avoid purges, focusing solely on Caesar.
  • Caesar was preparing for upcoming campaigns while being subtly warned by the priest Spurinna about the Ides of March.
  • Caesar, Lepidus, and Decimus discussed the Dacian and Parthian wars, with Decimus strategically maintaining Caesar's trust.
  • Calpurnia had a vivid dream warning of Caesar's death on the Ides of March, leading to Caesar feeling unwell.
  • Caesar, despite feeling unwell, attended a minor religious ceremony before the Senate meeting.
  • Decimus fabricated a lie about a bill allowing Caesar to be king outside Italy, convincing Caesar to attend the Senate meeting.
  • The Senate meeting took place in the Theatre of Pompey, where conspirators planned to assassinate Caesar.
  • Conspirators approached Caesar during the meeting, with Casca's failed attempt leading to a chaotic attack on Caesar.
  • Caesar was stabbed multiple times, with Brutus delivering the fatal blow, leading to Caesar's last words in Greek.
  • After Caesar's assassination, some conspirators symbolically stabbed his corpse, resulting in a total of 23 wounds.

30:40

Caesar's Assassination: 23 Wounds, 1 Fatal

  • The assassination of Caesar involved stabbings from various individuals: #2 to the face by Cassius, #3 between the ribs by Casca's brother Titiedius, #4 to the thigh by Decimus, and #5 to the groin by Brutus. It is suggested that only these five individuals struck Caesar while he was alive, with the remaining 18 stabbings likely occurring postmortem. Examination of Caesar's body revealed 23 wounds, with only one being fatal - the stab between the ribs by Casca's brother. The assassination, lasting about a minute, left many Senators unable to react, with Marcus Brutus being the first to move, pointing to a Senator and declaring, "CONGRATULATIONS, CICERO! YOU'VE REGAINED YOUR LIBERTY!"
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