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Sejarah Bangkit Dan Jatuhnya Kesultanan Islam TERLUAS & TERBESAR | Kesultanan Ottoman | Historia #7

Ardhianzy・22 minutes read

Islamic power shifted from the Umayyads to the Abbasid Caliphate, leading to a division of power in the Islamic world, with the emergence of the Ottoman Empire spanning from Europe to Persia. The Ottomans saw significant expansions, conquests, and advancements under leaders like Al-Fatih, Bayezid I, and Selim I, but faced decline and eventual abolition, leading to the establishment of the Turkish Republic under Mustafa Kemal.

Insights

  • The shift of Islamic power from the Umayyads to the Abbasid Caliphate led to a division in the Islamic world, with the emergence of the Ottoman Empire as a significant force spanning from Europe to Persia.
  • The Ottoman Empire, founded by Osman I and expanded by strategic leaders like Orhan Ghazi and Bayezid I, faced internal disputes after Sultan Al Fatih's death, ultimately leading to its decline due to weak successors, economic challenges, European rivalries, and involvement in World War I, culminating in its abolition and the establishment of the Turkish Republic under Mustafa Kemal.

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  • Who was the leader of the Ottoman Empire?

    Sultan

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Summary

00:00

Rise of Ottoman Empire and Islamic Power

  • Islamic power shifted from the Umayyads to the Abbasid Caliphate, leading to a division of power in the Islamic world.
  • The Ottoman Empire emerged to continue and advance civilization, with the Sultan as the leader.
  • The Ottoman Empire's territory spanned from mainland Europe to Persia, including various seas.
  • Al-Fatih's conquest of Constantinople in 1453 marked a significant achievement for the Ottomans.
  • The Ottoman Empire's foundation was laid by Osman I, expanding its territory through military victories.
  • Orhan Ghazi succeeded Osman I, strengthening Ottoman power through strategic alliances and territorial expansions.
  • Murad I focused on expanding Ottoman territory in Asia Minor and Europe, establishing the new capital in Edirne.
  • Bayezid I's reign saw Ottoman conquests in Anatolia and the Balkans, earning him the nickname "The Lightning."
  • Mehmet I restored stability to the Ottomans after the chaos following Bayezid I's death.
  • Muhammad Al-Fatih's conquest of Constantinople and subsequent expansions in the Balkans demonstrated his military prowess and leadership.

18:20

Ottoman Empire: Rise, Conflict, and Decline

  • Sultan Al Fatih's death caused excitement in Europe, with church bells ringing in celebration.
  • After his death, a dispute between his sons halted the conquest of Otranto, leading to the end of Ottoman occupation in southern Italy.
  • Bayezid II succeeded Al Fatih, known for granting asylum to Jews and Muslims expelled from Andalusia.
  • Bayezid II's reign saw conflicts with the Mamluk Sultanate, Venice, and the rise of the Safavid dynasty in Persia.
  • Bayezid II differed from his father by restoring property rights and reversing pro-European policies.
  • Bayezid II focused on public infrastructure, patronizing jurists, scientists, and poets, and was known for his devoutness.
  • Selim I succeeded Bayezid II, halting Shiite advances and expanding Ottoman territory through conquests.
  • Selim I locked the state treasury with his seal, initiating Ottoman expansion and defeating Portuguese attacks in the Indian Ocean.
  • Suleiman Al-Qanuni, known as Suleiman The Magnificent, focused on quality governance and introduced new laws.
  • The Ottoman Empire faced decline due to weak successors, economic issues, European competition, and involvement in World War I, leading to its abolition and the establishment of the Turkish Republic under Mustafa Kemal.
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