Routers, Switches, Packets and Frames
NexGenT・9 minutes read
Two different networks with specific IP and MAC addresses connected by a router; the process involves creating and encapsulating data packets to reach the destination host. The data, in this case, a JPEG image of a flying cat, is successfully transmitted from the left host to the right host through the router and switch.
Insights
- Data transfer between networks involves the creation of IP packets with specific source and destination addresses, encapsulated in frames with corresponding MAC addresses, enabling communication through routers acting as gateways.
- The process of data transmission from one host to another entails intricate steps of encapsulation, routing, and decoding, ensuring that information, such as a JPEG image of a flying cat, is accurately delivered across distinct networks.
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Recent questions
How are networks connected by a router?
Networks are connected by routers, which have multiple IP addresses for different interfaces. These IP addresses serve as the default gateway to connect to other networks. When data is sent from one host to another on different networks, the router plays a crucial role in forwarding the data packets between the networks.
What is the process of sending data between hosts on different networks?
The process of sending data between hosts on different networks involves creating an IP packet with destination and source addresses. This IP packet is then encapsulated into a frame with the default gateway's MAC address. The frame is sent out onto the LAN, reaching the router, which forwards it to the destination host on the other network by extracting the IP packet and encapsulating it into a new frame with the destination host's MAC address.
How does a router recognize data destined for another network?
A router recognizes data destined for another network by examining the destination MAC address in the frame. When the frame reaches the router, it recognizes the frame's destination MAC as its own and extracts the IP packet. The router then forwards the IP packet in a new frame with the destination MAC address of the host on the other network, allowing the data to reach its intended destination.
What role does a switch play in data transmission between hosts on different networks?
A switch plays a crucial role in data transmission between hosts on different networks by directing data packets to the correct port. When the frame reaches the switch, it examines the destination MAC address and directs the frame to the port connected to the host with that MAC address. This ensures that the data reaches the correct host on the network.
How do hosts on different networks receive and process data sent between them?
Hosts on different networks receive and process data sent between them by receiving the data packets through the network devices. Once the data reaches the host, it processes the information contained in the data packets. In the case of the Summary, the right host receives and processes a JPEG image of a flying cat sent from the left host through the network devices and routers connecting the two networks.
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Summary
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Network Routing Process Explained
- Explanation of two different networks: 192.168.100.0 on the left and 10.10.10.0 on the right, connected by a router.
- Each host on the networks has specific IP and MAC addresses, with the left host having IP 192.168.100.2 and all A's MAC, and the right host having IP 10.10.10.2 and all B's MAC.
- Routers have multiple IP addresses for different interfaces, each with an associated MAC address, serving as the default gateway to connect to other networks.
- Process of sending data from host 192.168.100.2 to 10.10.10.2 involves creating an IP packet with destination and source addresses, then encapsulating it into a frame with the default gateway's MAC address.
- The frame is sent out onto the LAN, reaching the router, which recognizes the frame's destination MAC as its own, extracts the IP packet, and forwards it in a new frame with the destination MAC as all B's for the right host.
- The frame reaches the right host through the switch, which directs it to the correct port, allowing the host to receive and process the data, in this case, a JPEG image of a flying cat.
