Physical Properties of Metals & Non Metals | Class 9 & 10 Chemistry | NTSE | CBSE Board | Poonam mam
The Truth Show・28 minutes read
The lecture covers the physical properties of metals and non-metals, focusing on their existence in different states, conductivity, melting points, and other characteristics that differentiate the two groups. Various properties discussed include malleability, ductility, conductivity, density, luster, sonority, hardness, and exceptions within each category.
Insights
- Metals generally have high melting points and are solid at room temperature, with exceptions like Gallium and Francium existing in liquid form. Non-metals, on the other hand, are mostly solid or gaseous, with bromine being the sole liquid non-metal, showcasing the diverse physical states of these elements.
- The distinction between metals and non-metals extends to various properties like malleability, ductility, thermal and electrical conductivity, density, and sonority, highlighting the contrasting characteristics of these two groups. While metals excel in conducting heat and electricity, being lustrous, and having high densities, non-metals exhibit lower densities, poor conductivity, and lack luster, emphasizing the fundamental differences between these elemental categories.
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Recent questions
What are the physical properties of metals and non-metals?
Metals are generally solid at room temperature, except for mercury, while non-metals exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states.
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Summary
00:00
Properties of Metals and Non-Metals Explained
- Introduction to the chapter of metal non-metal discussed in the first lecture, focusing on general electronic configuration.
- Today's lecture covers the physical properties of metals and non-metals, crucial for exams like NTS Olympiad and boards.
- Emphasis on understanding properties, their existence in metals vs. non-metals, and examples with exceptions.
- Instructions to create notes with three columns for properties, metal characteristics, and non-metal characteristics.
- Physical State property discussed, highlighting metals being solid at room temperature except for mercury.
- Mention of metals like Gallium and Francium with low melting points existing in liquid state under normal conditions.
- Non-metals generally exist in solid and gaseous states, with bromine being the only liquid non-metal.
- Malleability property explained as the ability to convert a substance into a sheet without breaking, with examples like gold and silver.
- Ductility property described as the ability to draw a substance into wires without breaking, with examples like copper and aluminium.
- Thermal and electrical conductivity discussed, defining the ability of substances to conduct heat and electricity, with examples of metals like copper and silver.
14:09
Properties of Metals and Non-Metals
- Materials can be conductors or non-conductors of heat, with metals being good conductors of both heat and electricity.
- Metals are the best conductors of electricity, with the best conductor being silver.
- Non-metals are typically insulators of heat and electricity, with diamond being an exception as a poor conductor of heat.
- Graphite is a non-conductor of both heat and electricity, while diamond is a poor conductor of heat.
- Metals have high melting and boiling points, with tungsten having the highest melting point and being used in bulb filaments.
- Non-metals, like carbon, have lower melting points compared to metals.
- Metals have a lustrous property, making them shine and suitable for making ornaments.
- Non-metals are non-lustrous, except for graphite and iodine, which have exceptions.
- Metals produce a ringing sound when hit, a property known as sonority.
- Metals are generally hard, with exceptions like sodium and potassium being soft and easily cut with a knife.
30:17
Density and Strength in Metals vs Non-Metals
- Metals generally have a higher density compared to non-metals, with an average density of around 5 grams per centimeter, except for Lithium which has a density of approximately 0.59 grams per centimeter.
- Among non-metals, Iodine has the highest density at 4.93 grams per centimeter, showcasing a significant difference in density between metals and non-metals.
- Tensile strength and rigidity are important properties to differentiate between metals and non-metals, with tensile strength referring to the ability to bear force without breaking, while rigidity indicates inflexibility and the tendency to break under pressure.
