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Matter in Our Surroundings Class 9 Full Chapter (Animation) | Class 9 Science Chapter 1 | CBSE

Sunlike study Science・30 minutes read

The first chapter of Class Ninth Science introduces the concept of matter, explaining its composition, states, and changes through activities and examples. It covers the classification of matter based on physical and chemical properties, the states of matter, and the processes of phase change, including sublimation, deposition, evaporation, and condensation.

Insights

  • Ancient Indians classified matter into five basic elements - earth, fire, water, air, and sky, while modern science categorizes matter based on physical and chemical properties, showcasing the evolution of our understanding of matter over time.
  • Matter exists in three states - solid, liquid, and gas - each with distinct properties, with gases having no fixed volume, high compressibility, and weak forces of attraction between particles, highlighting the diverse nature of matter and its ability to change states based on external conditions.

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Recent questions

  • What are the three states of matter?

    Solid, liquid, gas.

  • How does matter change states?

    By temperature and pressure changes.

  • What is the concept of latent heat?

    Energy required to change a substance's state.

  • What are the two additional states of matter?

    Plasma and Bose-Einstein Condensate.

  • How does evaporation affect matter?

    Absorbs energy, cools surroundings.

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Summary

00:00

"Exploring Matter: From Elements to States"

  • The first chapter of Class Ninth Science is titled Maternal Surrounding, marking the beginning of advanced science studies.
  • Everything around us, from school items to personal belongings, is made of materials with mass and space, defining what matter is.
  • Matter includes substances with mass and space, with mass representing weight measured in kilograms.
  • Mass remains constant everywhere, distinguishing it from weight, a concept to be explored further.
  • Ancient Indians classified matter into five basic elements - earth, fire, water, air, and sky - while modern science categorizes matter based on physical and chemical properties.
  • Matter is composed of particles, as proven through activities involving water and sugar mixing.
  • Particles of matter are very small and attract each other, with varying spaces between them based on the state of matter.
  • Matter exists in three states - solid, liquid, and gas - each with distinct properties like definite shape and volume for solids, and fluidity for liquids.
  • Gases have no fixed volume, are highly compressible, and have weak forces of attraction between particles.
  • Matter can change its physical state through temperature and pressure changes, as seen in the melting of ice cream due to increased kinetic energy of particles.

15:14

States of Matter and Temperature Changes

  • Conversion of solid to liquid is discussed, followed by the conversion of liquid to gas.
  • Increase in temperature causes particles in liquid to become farther apart, leading to conversion into gases.
  • Boiling is the process of liquid changing into gas.
  • Reduction in temperature can convert gas back into liquid, known as condensation.
  • Further reduction in temperature can convert liquid into solid, termed as freezing.
  • Direct conversion from solid to gas is called sublimation, with camphor as an example.
  • Gas can directly convert into solid, known as deposition.
  • Pressure can change the state of matter, as seen in the example of a lighter's liquid turning into gas.
  • Latent heat is the energy required to change a substance's state, denoted by capital L.
  • Temperature is a measure of hotness, with units in Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit, measured by a thermometer.

28:49

Effects of Humidity and States of Matter

  • Humidity is the presence of water vapor in the air, affecting the speed of operations; high humidity slows down processes while low humidity speeds them up.
  • Evaporation involves a cooling process where liquid particles vaporize, absorbing energy from the surroundings and breaking their own attractions, resulting in a cooling effect.
  • Plasma and Bose-Einstein Condensate are two additional states of matter, with plasma consisting of highly energetic particles formed at high temperatures, while Bose-Einstein Condensate forms at extremely low temperatures and densities.
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