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Life Processes Class 10 Science (Biology) Complete Chapter Revision Under 45 Mins | Board Exams 2023

BYJU'S - Class 9 & 10・50 minutes read

The class will cover the chapter "Life Processes" in under 45 minutes for board exam preparation, emphasizing the importance of topics like nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. Topics include nutrition, photosynthesis, digestion, absorption, transport in plants, and excretion processes like urine formation and blood circulation in humans.

Insights

  • Life processes are crucial functions for the body's survival, encompassing nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion, with distinct processes and mechanisms involved in each.
  • The human circulatory system, comprising blood, blood vessels, and the heart, maintains double circulation, with arteries carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart, veins bringing deoxygenated blood back, and capillaries facilitating gas exchange, ensuring efficient nutrient and oxygen delivery to cells and metabolic waste removal.

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Recent questions

  • What are the essential life processes?

    Life processes include nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion.

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Summary

00:00

"Recalling Life Processes: Board Exam Prep"

  • The class will focus on recalling and learning the chapter "Life Processes" in under 45 minutes, emphasizing its importance for board examinations.
  • Students are advised to have notebooks, pens, textbooks, or pencils ready to take notes during the class.
  • The instructor encourages viewers to like the video, subscribe, and aim for 100 or 200 likes by the end of the class.
  • The class aims to cover important chapters for board exams, with upcoming series on revision, marathons, and practice sessions.
  • The instructor requests maintaining decorum in the chat and emphasizes the importance of undivided attention during the 45-minute class.
  • Life processes are defined as essential processes for the maintenance and survival of the body, covering nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion.
  • Nutrition is the intake and utilization of food, with autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition explained.
  • Photosynthesis in autotrophic organisms involves the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose using sunlight and chlorophyll.
  • Heterotrophic modes include saprophytic, parasitic, and holozoic nutrition, each with distinct methods of obtaining and utilizing food.
  • Holozoic nutrition involves five steps: ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and ejection, seen in organisms like amoeba and humans.

15:57

Digestive Process in Human Body

  • Saliva contains salivary amylase, breaking down starch into simpler sugars in the mouth.
  • Tongue binds chewed food and saliva, forming a bolus swallowed into the esophagus.
  • Peristalsis moves food through the elementary canal by muscle contractions.
  • Stomach secretes gastric juices with hydrochloric acid, mucus, and pepsin for digestion.
  • Pepsin acts on proteins in the stomach, breaking them down into smaller proteins.
  • Food is churned in the stomach for 3-4 hours before moving to the intestine.
  • Small intestine receives secretions from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
  • Bile juice from the liver emulsifies fat droplets in the small intestine.
  • Pancreatic juice from the pancreas contains enzymes for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
  • Villi in the small intestine absorb digested food, transporting it through blood vessels.

31:31

Nutrient transport in plants and animals

  • Nutrients are obtained from food substances and through respiration, where energy is produced with the help of oxygen.
  • Transportation of substances is crucial for cells to receive necessary nutrients, observed in both animals and plants.
  • In plants, water, minerals, and food are transported through xylem, a complex tissue consisting of tracheids, vessels, parenchyma, and fibers.
  • Water absorbed by roots is transported to leaves, excess water is removed as water vapor through transpiration, creating a suction force known as transpirational pull.
  • Food substances like glucose and amino acids are transported in plants through phloem, made up of sieve tubes, companion cells, parenchyma, and fibers.
  • Transport of food in phloem occurs through translocation, requiring energy in the form of ATP.
  • Human circulatory system comprises blood, blood vessels, and the heart, with blood containing plasma, RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
  • Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, veins bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart, and capillaries facilitate gas exchange.
  • The heart, a four-chambered organ, receives deoxygenated blood on the right side and oxygenated blood on the left side, maintaining double circulation.
  • Excretion involves removing nitrogenous metabolic waste from the body, with kidneys serving as the main excretory organs, filtering waste into urine through nephrons.

47:32

Nephron and Heart: Filtration and Circulation

  • Nephron structure includes a glomerulus, a network of capillaries sitting on Bowman's capsule.
  • Glomerulus acts as a filter, conducting ultrafiltration at high pressure, forming glomerular filtrate.
  • Toxic materials are filtered out, including urea, glucose, amino acids, and water.
  • Essential substances like glucose, amino acids, and water are reabsorbed in the tubules.
  • Urine formation involves the filtration process, leading to urine expulsion through the urethra.
  • Lymph vessels help redirect leaked plasma and white blood cells back into the bloodstream.
  • Heart structure comprises four chambers, with atria as receiving chambers and ventricles as pumping chambers, separated to prevent oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mixing.
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