Lab Midterm Review (Everything Else Edition) - March 5
Anatomy with Dr. Ahles・60 minutes read
The lab midterm exam is due Sunday night at 11:59; group work is encouraged to review topics like bones of the skull and directional terms in anatomy. Understanding mitosis phases, anatomical relationships, and body cavities is crucial for the exam, with Proctorio software being used for monitoring during the test.
Insights
- Anatomical terms like superior, inferior, lateral, and medial are essential for describing body structures accurately, emphasizing the importance of clear comparisons in anatomy.
- Understanding mitosis phases, such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, is crucial for identifying cell characteristics accurately, with practical applications in recognizing these phases in cell images for precise analysis.
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Recent questions
What are the directional terms in anatomy?
Superior, inferior, lateral, medial, anterior, posterior.
Where are the heart and lungs located?
Thoracic cavity.
What are the phases of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
What are the body cavities in anatomy?
Thoracic, abdominal/pelvic.
Why are directional terms important in anatomy?
To describe anatomical relationships accurately.
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Summary
00:00
Skull Bones and Directional Terms Review
- Lab midterm exam available now, due Sunday night at 11:59
- Plan time for review and submission by 11:30 to ensure timely submission
- Group work to review forgotten or practice-needed topics
- Discussion on various bones of the skull, including frontal bone for forehead and nasal bone for nose
- Nose made of hyaline cartilage, nasal bone break results in nasal bone break
- Occipital bone at the back of the skull, parietal bone on the sides, and mandible for jawbone
- Mental region for chin, maxilla for upper jaw, and zygomatic bone for cheekbones
- Temporal bone for temples, external acoustic meatus for hole, and foramen for another hole
- Review of directional terms: superior and inferior, lateral and medial, anterior and posterior
- Proximal and distal related to shoulder or hip joints, deep and superficial for surface proximity
- Liver and small intestine part of digestive system in abdominal cavity
- Heart and lungs in thoracic cavity, specific lung cavity not mentioned
18:41
Anatomical Comparisons in Thoracic Region
- Lungs are located in the pleural cavity, while the heart is in the pericardial cavity in the thoracic region.
- Body cavities are either thoracic or abdominal/pelvic, with specific organs found inside.
- Liver is superior to the small intestine, emphasizing the importance of clear comparisons in anatomy.
- Directional terms like superior and inferior are crucial in anatomical descriptions.
- Heart is medial to the lungs, positioned between them in the thoracic region.
- Trachea is anterior to the esophagus, highlighting the importance of understanding anatomical relationships.
- Urinary bladder is found in the pelvic cavity, making it inferior to organs in the thoracic cavity.
- Humerus is proximal to the ulna, showcasing the significance of anatomical position in comparisons.
- Patella is inferior to the ribs, emphasizing the importance of clear anatomical comparisons.
- Vertebrae are posterior to the sternum, showcasing the use of directional terms in anatomical descriptions.
38:42
Understanding Anatomical Planes, Mitosis Phases, and Identification
- Anatomical planes: Coronal plane divides body into anterior and posterior parts, parasagittal for unequal left and right parts, mid-sagittal for equal parts, transverse for superior and inferior, oblique at an angle.
- Importance of patient perspective in anatomy, left and right body parts identification.
- Mitosis phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT order).
- Interphase characterized by loose chromatin, generic cell activities.
- Cytokinesis: Division of cytoplasm, occurs simultaneously with Telophase.
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at metaphase plate in the middle of the cell.
- Anaphase: Chromosomes split and move towards opposite ends of the cell.
- Telophase: Formation of two new nuclei, chromatin de-condenses, cleavage furrow visible.
- Practical application: Identifying mitosis phases in cell images, recognizing characteristics of each phase for accurate identification.
57:50
"Cell division stages explained in bio"
- The teacher discusses the homewrecker phase in bio 1408, referring to the process of pulling apart chromosomes during anaphase.
- Anaphase is identified by the separation of distinct groups of chromosomes.
- An example of anaphase is shown without a cleavage furrow, distinguishing it from telophase.
- Early prophase cells are observed with visible spaghetti noodle-like parts inside.
- Metaphase is recognized by chromosomes lined up in a row, contrasting with split chromosomes in anaphase.
- Interphase cells lack visible lines inside the nucleus, appearing as hazy spots.
- Prophase cells show condensed chromosomes, distinct from interphase cells with no visible activity.
- Anaphase cells are characterized by separated genetic information without a cleavage furrow.
- Telophase is identified by the presence of a cleavage furrow and distinct nuclei forming.
- Late prophase is illustrated by chromosomes floating around after condensing and dissolving the nucleus.
01:17:50
Anatomy Exam Breakdown and Proctorio Requirements
- Understanding tissues, their locations, and functions is crucial for one-third of the exam.
- Lessons one through three, covering mitosis, regional terms, and bones, constitute another third of the exam.
- The final third of the exam includes lessons five and six, focusing on content covered towards the end.
- Proctorio will be used for the exam, requiring students to show their face on the webcam throughout the test, and allowing the use of scratch paper that must be shown and ripped up before submitting.
