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Joan of Arc - Maid of Orleans Documentary

The People Profiles・40 minutes read

Joan of Arc, a young girl claiming divine guidance, played a pivotal role in the French resistance during the Hundred Years War, leading to the coronation of Charles VII and eventual French victories. Despite facing scrutiny over her visions, Joan's influence as a woman in a male-dominated era left a lasting legacy, culminating in her canonization as a saint in 1920.

Insights

  • Joan of Arc, a peasant girl from Domremy, played a crucial role in the French resistance during the Hundred Years War, relieving the siege at Orleans and impacting French fortunes significantly. Her rise to prominence as a young woman in a male-dominated era is a remarkable historical feat, despite debates on the authenticity of her divine visions.
  • Joan of Arc's posthumous retrial resulted in her being declared not guilty of heresy, leading to her canonization as a saint in 1920. Her enduring legacy as an inspirational figure who challenged societal norms and influenced the outcome of the Hundred Years War continues to spark admiration and debate over her true impact and significance in history.

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Recent questions

  • Who was Joan of Arc?

    Joan of Arc was a young maiden from Domremy, France.

  • What was the Hundred Years War?

    A conflict between France and England.

  • How did Joan of Arc die?

    Executed by the Burgundians in 1431.

  • What was Joan of Arc's impact?

    Influential figure in the French resistance.

  • When was Joan of Arc canonized?

    Canonized as a saint in 1920.

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Summary

00:00

Joan of Arc: Messenger from God

  • In 1429, a young maiden claiming to be a messenger from God appears at the royal castle of Chinon, where the heir to the French throne, Charles the Dauphin, is hiding from assassination fears.
  • The young girl, Joan of Arc, throws herself at Charles' knees, proclaiming a message from God to give him a happy life, sparking debates about her true intentions.
  • Joan of Arc was born in 1412 in Domremy, France, to farmer parents, Jacques d'Arc and Isabel Rome, instilled with a deep Catholic faith by her mother.
  • The Hundred Years War, a conflict between France and England, shaped Joan's life, with the war's origins rooted in disputes over the French throne after King Charles IV's death.
  • Edward III of England contested Philip VI of France's claim to the throne, leading to the start of the Hundred Years War in 1337.
  • Initial English successes in the war, including victories at Sluys, Crecy, and Poitiers, led to the Treaty of Bretigny in 1360, granting English control over Aquitaine.
  • Charles V of France's reign saw a resurgence in French fortunes, pushing the English out of Aquitaine through guerrilla tactics and rebellion support.
  • Richard II's reign in England was marked by internal unrest, leading to his overthrow by Henry IV in 1399, followed by Henry V's ascension to the English throne in 1413.
  • Henry V's military successes in France, including the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, led to English dominance in Normandy and the Treaty of Troyes in 1420, naming him heir to the French throne.
  • After Henry V's death in 1422, his infant son, Henry VI, became King of England and France, with John, Duke of Bedford, ruling as regent in France, while Charles VII claimed the French throne.

15:05

English Victory at Vernoy and Joan's Mission

  • English forces comprehensively defeated a Franco-Scottish force loyal to the Dauphin at the Battle of Vernoy in Normandy.
  • Despite being outnumbered almost two to one, the English archers managed to break the enemy line with a decisive victory.
  • Bedford, ruling from the Norman capital Avroa, forbade any reference to the Dauphin as king or the Armagnacs as French.
  • In 1428, the English began an offensive along the Loire River, besieging the strategically important city of Olya.
  • The death of Salisbury during the siege was disastrous for the English, leading to his replacement by the less able Earl of Suffolk.
  • Joan of Arc arrived at the Castle of Chinon in February 1429, claiming she was sent by God to deliver France from English rule.
  • Joan convinced the Dauphin and his advisors of her divine mission, leading to her being granted an escort to the royal court at Chinon.
  • Joan's arrival at the Siege of Orleans lifted French morale, inspiring soldiers and commanders to greater endeavors.
  • Joan's victory at Orleans was crucial for Armagnac morale, seen as proof of God's support for the Dauphin's cause.
  • Joan's aim was to clear remaining English strongholds along the Loire River to allow the French to reach Reims for the Dauphin's coronation as Charles VII of France.

29:30

Joan of Arc: French military leader executed.

  • Joan of Arc developed her skills on horseback and in wielding weapons of war.
  • Joan, along with capable military leaders like John O'Donois and the Duke of Alensa, set out to the English stronghold of Jaco.
  • The French laid siege to the Earl of Suffolk's forces at Chargo on June 11, 1429.
  • The French captured the Earl of Suffolk and forced the garrison to surrender.
  • The French laid siege to two more English positions at Mung Tsulua and Beaujonsie on June 15, 1429.
  • The English forces withdrew to the north due to being outnumbered by the French.
  • The French caught up with the English near the village of Pate, resulting in a significant defeat for the English.
  • Joan led Charles VII to Reims, where he was crowned as the King of France on July 17, 1429.
  • Joan attempted to take Paris by besieging it in May 1430 but was unsuccessful.
  • Joan was captured by the Burgundians, put on trial for heresy, and ultimately executed on May 30, 1431, at the age of 19.

43:50

Joan of Arc: Saint and French Heroine

  • Joan of Arc, a peasant girl from Domremy, played a crucial role in the French resistance during the Hundred Years War, ultimately relieving the siege at Aulian and significantly impacting French fortunes in the conflict. Despite debates over the authenticity of her divine visions, Joan's rise to prominence and influence as a young woman in a time dominated by male power structures remains a remarkable feat in history.
  • Joan of Arc's posthumous retrial found her not guilty of heresy, leading to her canonization as a saint in 1920, nearly 500 years after her death. Her legacy as an inspirational figure who defied societal norms and contributed significantly to the outcome of the Hundred Years War endures, sparking admiration and debate over her true impact and significance in history.
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