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Владимир Арлазаров // Искусственный интеллект и История шахматной программы Каисса

EngineerSpock - IT & программирование・49 minutes read

Russian scientists have made significant contributions to artificial intelligence, with the University of Artificial Intelligence being a leading institution. The development of algorithms and neural networks plays a crucial role in advancing fields like artificial intelligence, impacting various scientific disciplines.

Insights

  • The University of Artificial Intelligence in Russia has made significant strides in AI education, with over 5,000 students globally benefiting from its innovative programs, showcasing a commitment to advancing knowledge in the field.
  • The transition from brute force algorithms to neural networks and simpler algorithms in artificial intelligence over the last 20 years reflects a significant shift in technological approaches, indicating a broader evolution towards more efficient and sophisticated AI systems.

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  • What is Hour Petit algorithm?

    A structured programming advancement by four Russians.

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Summary

00:00

Russian AI Innovations and Cybernetic Immortality

  • The algorithm Hour Petit, developed by four Russians, elevated structured programming to a new level.
  • Cybernetic immortality is a key focus in Russian science, with the University of Artificial Intelligence being a leading online educational institution.
  • Over 5,000 students globally have benefited from the university's innovative AI program.
  • Vladimir Lvovich, a pioneer in artificial intelligence, has a rich academic background and significant contributions to the field.
  • The Kais program, champion at the First World Championship among computer programs, was developed in the 20th century.
  • The Kais program triumphed over Stanford University's mine program with a score of 3:1 in a friendly match.
  • Alexander Kron, a renowned mathematician, played a crucial role in inspiring and guiding the Kais program's development.
  • The transition of the Kais program to a new machine at the Institute of Management Problems was facilitated by a team of professional programmers.
  • The development of algorithms for the Kais program involved key figures like Adelson Velsky, Uskov, and Bitman.
  • Chess programs, including Kais, were a significant part of the team's work at the Institute, alongside other important projects in automation and mathematics.

16:21

Chess Program Kaissa: Soviet Science Triumphs

  • A two-game chess match was held between Kaisa and readers of Komsomolskaya Pravda, with readers winning 1.5 to 0.5.
  • Kaisa participated in the 1975 World Championship among programs in Stockholm, utilizing a debut book for 10,000 moves and new algorithms like alpha-beta position cutting and bitwise board representation.
  • The World Championship victory was seen as a significant achievement for Soviet science, emphasizing the scientific exchange rather than direct competition.
  • The scientific character of events like the e-congress IFIP in 1974 was highlighted, showcasing a significant scientific exchange between the Soviet Union and the West.
  • The algorithm named after four Russians, optimized for matrix operations, was used in Kaissa, focusing on graph-related problems.
  • The decline in interest in chess programs was attributed to the shift from scientific communication to pure competition, with a focus on powerful machines and algorithms.
  • Algorithmic innovations from the past have influenced various scientific branches today, impacting the development of algorithms in artificial intelligence.
  • The role of brute force algorithms in artificial intelligence has diminished in the last 20 years, making way for neural networks and simpler algorithms.
  • The relationship between Mikhail Botvinnik's group and the interviewee's group was strained due to differences in approach and programming methods.
  • The interviewee expressed confidence in computers surpassing human capabilities in solving tasks, emphasizing the importance of algorithms in achieving this.

34:18

"Chess, AI, Neural Networks, and Technology"

  • A simple chess program can be created in one day by any student.
  • Interest in playing games like chess diminishes as programs become more advanced.
  • The development of neural networks is crucial for medical applications.
  • Chess players today use unconventional openings to avoid playing against machines.
  • The competition between man and machine in games like Go has been resolved.
  • A match in 2016 between a top Go player and Google's Alpha Go showcased the capabilities of neural networks.
  • The University of Artificial Intelligence offers courses on neural networks without programming skills.
  • The collapse of the Soviet Union led to a lag in technology development.
  • Setting specific tasks is crucial for advancing in fields like microelectronics and artificial intelligence.
  • The Russian mathematical school has a long history of excellence, contributing to strong algorithmic abilities in programmers.

50:58

Evolution of Women in Machine Servicing

  • In the past, more women were employed in machine servicing due to the need for attention rather than specialized skills.
  • Operators of the VVM puncher used to type programs, but now people directly enter programs into computers.
  • A significant number of women worked in divisions repairing cells at M2.
  • Science and education in Russia still rely heavily on personnel trained during the USSR era.
  • The prevailing opinion once suggested that engineering universities should not train scientists, but this idea is now considered dubious.
  • Artificial intelligence, like large language models such as GPT, has limitations in distinguishing truth from lies.
  • A fundamental breakthrough in artificial intelligence involves passing the Turing test, where a person communicates with a computer without realizing it.
  • The development of artificial intelligence has practical implications, such as the concept of cybernetic immortality.
  • Image recognition is a key focus in artificial intelligence, requiring high levels of qualification for tasks like document verification.
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