Hydrosphere ||9th Class Social || 2020 New Syllabus || Digital Teacher
Digital Teacher・1 minute read
The hydrological cycle involves the movement of water through various forms and components, with precipitation, runoff, and evapotranspiration being key elements. Water cycles through evaporation, transportation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, and groundwater recharge, primarily moving from the surface to the atmosphere through processes powered by the sun.
Insights
- The hydrological cycle involves the movement of water in various forms through precipitation, runoff, and evapotranspiration, showcasing the interconnectedness of oceans, land, atmosphere, and organisms.
- Oceans, constituting 97.25% of Earth's water, are vital bodies with diverse features like continental shelves and deep-sea trenches, influencing climate, biodiversity, and human activities through factors such as salinity, temperature, and currents.
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Recent questions
What are the key components of the hydrological cycle?
Precipitation (Rf), runoff (Ro), and evapotranspiration (Et) are key components.
How does water move through the stages of the water cycle?
Water moves through evaporation, transportation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, and groundwater evaporation.
What percentage of water on Earth is freshwater?
Freshwater sources constitute only 2.75% of water.
What are the main features of oceans?
Oceans are divided into five major bodies with distinct features like continental shelves, slopes, deep-sea plains, and trenches.
What is the average salinity of oceans?
The average salinity of oceans is 35 parts per thousand.
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Summary
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Water Cycle: Circulation, Stages, and Oceans
- The hydrological cycle involves the circulation of water in liquid, solid, and gaseous forms, encompassing exchanges between oceans, atmosphere, land, and organisms. It is expressed as Rf = Ro + Et, with precipitation (Rf), runoff (Ro), and evapotranspiration (Et) as key components.
- The six stages of the water cycle include evaporation, transportation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, and groundwater evaporation, with water moving from the surface to the atmosphere through evaporation powered by the sun's heat.
- Water is primarily transferred through transportation in the atmosphere, condensing into clouds before precipitation occurs, leading to runoff and groundwater recharge. Freshwater sources constitute only 2.75% of water, with the majority in ice and snow cover, while oceans contain 97.25% of saline water.
- Oceans are divided into five major bodies, with distinct features like continental shelves, slopes, deep-sea plains, and trenches. Salinity in oceans is mainly from land sources like rivers and undersea volcanoes, with an average salinity of 35 parts per thousand. Ocean temperature, currents, and resources play crucial roles in influencing climate, biodiversity, and human activities.
