Human Eye and Colourful World Class 10 Full Chapter (Animation) | Class 10 Science Chapter 11 | CBSE

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The chapter in Physics of class 10th discusses the human eye's parts, functions, and defects, along with topics on rainbow formation and dispersion of light. Understanding common eye defects, their causes, symptoms, and corrections is crucial for maintaining clear vision and includes topics like myopia, hypermetropia, and presbyopia.

Insights

  • The human eye consists of various parts such as the cornea, iris, lens, retina, and optic nerve, all working together to enable vision by converting light into electrical signals processed by the brain.
  • Understanding common eye defects like myopia, hypermetropia, and presbyopia, along with their causes, symptoms, and corrections, is crucial for maintaining clear vision and ensuring appropriate treatment through the use of concave or convex lenses and specialized spectacles like Bopia.

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Recent questions

  • What are the common eye defects?

    Myopia, hypermetropia, and presbyopia.

  • How is cataract treated?

    Through surgery to remove protein buildup on the lens.

  • What is dispersion of light?

    Splitting white light into seven colors.

  • How does accommodation work in the eye?

    Ciliary muscles change focal length for clear vision.

  • What causes stars to twinkle?

    Atmospheric refraction due to different refractive indices.

Related videos

Summary

00:00

Human Eye: Parts, Functions, and Defects

  • Chapter in Physics of class 10th titled "Human Eye Colorful World" is divided into two parts.
  • The first part discusses the human eye's parts, functions, and defects.
  • Topics in the second part include Rainbow Formation and Dispersion Scattering of Light.
  • The human eye is an organ enabling vision, with a diameter of approximately 2.4 centimeters.
  • Parts of the eye include the transparent cornea, iris controlling pupil size, and crystalline lens behind the iris.
  • The retina, at the back of the eye, contains light-sensitive cells converting images into electrical signals.
  • Optic nerve transfers signals from the retina to the brain for processing.
  • Accommodation is the process where ciliary muscles change the eye's focal length for clear image formation on the retina.
  • Myopia, hypermetropia, and presbyopia are common eye defects corrected using concave or convex lenses.
  • Understanding the causes, symptoms, and corrections of eye defects is crucial for maintaining clear vision.

13:51

Eye Defects and Light Phenomena Explained

  • Pressopia, also known as hypermetropia, is a defect mostly seen in older individuals as their power of accommodation decreases over time.
  • Presbyopia is caused by weakened ciliary muscles and decreased flexibility of the eye lens, leading to difficulty in seeing objects clearly at varying distances.
  • Correcting presbyopia involves using a spectacle called Bopia, which combines concave and convex lenses to aid in clear vision for both near and far objects.
  • Cataract, another eye defect, occurs when the crystalline lens becomes cloudy, affecting vision clarity.
  • Cataract is treated through surgery to remove the protein buildup on the lens, restoring clear vision.
  • Passing white light through a prism results in dispersion, splitting the light into seven colors known as VIBGYOR.
  • The spectrum of colors formed by white light passing through a prism is arranged in ascending order of wavelength, with red having the shortest wavelength and violet the longest.
  • Newton discovered that white light is composed of seven colors, which can be further split but recombine into white light when passed through two prisms.
  • Total internal reflection occurs when light enters a denser medium from a rarer medium at an angle greater than the critical angle, causing the light to reflect back within the denser medium.
  • Atmospheric refraction causes stars to appear to twinkle due to the different refractive indices of gases in the atmosphere, leading to the apparent movement of stars and the sun during sunset and sunrise.

27:46

Atmospheric phenomena: sunrise, sunset, light scattering

  • The phenomenon of advanced sunrise and late sunset is caused by atmospheric refraction, where sunlight reaches the atmosphere before the actual sunrise and remains visible after sunset due to the bending of light.
  • Scattering of light occurs when light passes through the atmosphere and interacts with particles, with small particles scattering blue light the most, medium particles scattering faint red, and larger particles scattering all colors, resulting in the perception of white light.
  • The Tyndall Effect, demonstrated by light passing through colloidal solutions like droplets or smoke particles, causes the light to become visible, while the blue appearance of the sky is due to the scattering of blue light by small particles in the atmosphere during sunrise and sunset.
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