HIV & AIDS - signs, symptoms, transmission, causes & pathology
Osmosis from Elsevier・8 minutes read
HIV targets immune system cells causing AIDS, with HIV-1 being more common globally, and HIV-2 mainly in western Africa and southern Asia. The virus attaches to CD4 cells via gp120, utilizing either CXCR4 or CCR5 co-receptor to enter cells, mutations in CCR5 can lead to resistance to HIV.
Insights
- Mutations in CCR5 can confer resistance to HIV, potentially slowing down disease progression by hindering the virus's ability to enter cells.
- HIV infection progresses through distinct phases, starting with acute symptoms resembling the flu after exposure through sexual intercourse, followed by a chronic phase lasting several years, during which the virus replicates and mutates within the host's DNA, leading to diverse strains and potential complications.
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Recent questions
What is HIV?
A virus targeting immune cells causing AIDS.
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Summary
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Understanding HIV: Types, Transmission, and Progression
- HIV targets cells in the immune system, leading to immunodeficiency and increased risk of infections and tumors, known as AIDS.
- There are two types of HIV: HIV-1, more common worldwide, and HIV-2, rare and mainly in western Africa and southern Asia.
- HIV targets CD4+ cells with the CD4 molecule, crucial for immune cell communication and attachment.
- HIV attaches to CD4 via gp120 and then to a co-receptor, either CXCR4 or CCR5, to enter cells.
- Mutations in CCR5 can lead to resistance to HIV, slowing disease progression.
- HIV is a retrovirus that integrates into host DNA, replicating and mutating, leading to different strains.
- HIV enters the body through sexual intercourse, causing acute infection with flu-like symptoms, followed by a chronic phase lasting 2-10 years.
