Fundoscopy | How to Visualise the Fundus | Direct Ophthalmoscopy | OSCE Guide | UKMLA | CPSA

Recent questions

• How should I examine a patient's eyes?

  By using the right hand and eye for their right eye, left hand and eye for their left eye, starting close to the patient and leaning back, identifying the fundal reflex and moving in 10 to 15 degrees temporal on the horizontal to view the optic disc, assessing its margin, neural retinal rim color, and cup to disc ratio. Follow the retinal vessels, then have the patient look into the light to reveal the fovea in the macula, causing pupil constriction in a non-dilated eye and a visible fovea in a dilated pupil.

• What is the fundal reflex in eye examination?

  The fundal reflex is a crucial aspect of eye examination where the examiner uses their right hand and eye for the patient's right eye, left hand and eye for their left eye, starting close to the patient and leaning back. This reflex helps in identifying the optic disc, assessing its margin, neural retinal rim color, and cup to disc ratio.

• How do I view the optic disc during an eye examination?

  To view the optic disc during an eye examination, you should move in 10 to 15 degrees temporal on the horizontal after identifying the fundal reflex. This allows for a clear view of the optic disc, where you can assess its margin, neural retinal rim color, and cup to disc ratio.

• What is the significance of assessing the fovea in an eye examination?

  Assessing the fovea in an eye examination is crucial as it helps reveal the macula's fovea when the patient looks into the light. This action causes pupil constriction in a non-dilated eye and a visible fovea in a dilated pupil, providing valuable information about the patient's eye health.

• Why is it important to follow the retinal vessels during an eye examination?

  Following the retinal vessels during an eye examination is essential as it allows for a comprehensive assessment of the eye's health. By tracking the retinal vessels, the examiner can gather valuable information about the patient's ocular condition and overall well-being.