Federalism | New One Shot | Class 10 Civics 2024-25
Digraj Singh Rajput・2 minutes read
The text discusses federalism in India, highlighting the distribution of power between different levels of government and the importance of decentralization for local governance. Key points include the role of the Supreme Court in resolving disputes, the liberal language policy, and the evolution of center-state relations over time.
Insights
- Federalism involves dividing power between a central authority and various constituent units, ensuring power sharing among diverse groups to accommodate their interests and features three levels of government: central, state, and community.
- India's federalism is shaped by linguistic diversity, evolving center-state relations, and a holding-together federation structure with a slight central power dominance, emphasizing the importance of decentralization to empower local governments and grassroots democracy, as seen through the Panchayati Raj System and the constitutional mandate for decentralization since 1992.
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Recent questions
What is federalism?
A system dividing power between central and local units.
What are the features of federalism?
Division of power as per the constitution.
How does federalism work in India?
Influenced by democratic politics and linguistic status.
What is the role of local self-government in India?
Empowering through Panchayati Raj System.
How has decentralization impacted governance in India?
Strengthened local decision-making and democracy.
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Summary
00:00
"Understanding Federalism: Power Sharing in Government"
- The chapter discussed in the live session is Federalism from the 10th-grade Civics syllabus.
- The session emphasizes the importance of revising the chapter thoroughly and encourages students to connect and complete it.
- Federalism is defined as a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units.
- The chapter outlines different forms of power sharing among levels of government, including union, state, and local governments.
- Belgium and Sri Lanka are used as examples to illustrate federal and unitary forms of government, respectively.
- Federalism ensures power sharing among diverse groups to accommodate their interests.
- Federalism features three levels of government, including central, state, and community governments.
- The importance of specified areas of jurisdiction and power sharing among different levels of government is highlighted.
- The session stresses the need to understand the features of federalism thoroughly for exam preparation.
- The features of federalism include the division of power between different levels of government as specified in the constitution.
14:42
"Federalism in India: Constitution, Power Sharing, Unity"
- The text discusses the author's role in writing the Constitution and the importance of its provisions.
- It highlights the need for consent from both Central and State governments for any changes in the Constitution.
- The text emphasizes the fundamental provisions of the Constitution that cannot be easily altered.
- It mentions the role of the Supreme Court as an umpire in resolving disputes between different levels of government.
- The text explains the power-sharing arrangement between Central and State governments.
- It details the sources of revenue for both levels of government as specified in the Constitution.
- The text outlines the two objectives of federalism: safeguarding and promoting the unity of the country and accommodating regional diversity.
- It discusses the concept of power sharing in federalism and the different types of federations.
- The text explains the significance of India as a federal country with a three-tier system of government.
- It highlights the distribution of legislative power between the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List in India.
29:04
"Doctor Selection and Government Status Issues"
- Issues arise on determining who should become a doctor based on state lists.
- Government and state government doctors may have less status.
- Different issues like commerce, agriculture, and education are discussed.
- Administration, police, trade, commerce, agriculture, and irrigation are mentioned.
- The state list, concurrent list, and union list are explained.
- Various issues like sex education, forest, trade union, marriage, adoption, and succession are in the concurrent list.
- Residual subjects are those that emerged after the Constitution was made.
- Special statuses like Article 370 and Article 371AB C D I F G are discussed.
- The importance of consent from both levels of government for fundamental provisions is highlighted.
- The role of the Supreme Court in resolving disputes between central, state, and local governments is emphasized.
43:18
Evolution of Federalism in India
- India is a federal country with federalism being practiced.
- Federalism in India is influenced by the nature of democratic politics in the country.
- Linguistic status plays a crucial role in federalism in India.
- Creation of states based on language has made administration smoother.
- India has a liberal language policy with 22 scheduled languages.
- The language policy ensures equal treatment of all languages.
- Center-state relations in federalism have evolved over time.
- Before the 1990s, the central government had dominance over states.
- After the 1990s, coalition governments at the central level became common.
- Decentralization in India has empowered local governments since 1992.
59:33
Local Governance and Decentralization in India
- Installing tube wells in villages may not be necessary due to the availability of tubes provided by the Central Government.
- Local problems are best addressed at the local level, empowering people in decision-making processes.
- Decentralization involves transferring power from the state to the local level, strengthening grassroots democracy.
- India is a federal country with a holding-together federation structure, where central power is slightly more pronounced.
- Judicial bodies like consumer courts play a crucial role in resolving disputes at the local level.
- Constitutional amendments in 1992 made decentralization constitutionally mandatory in India.
- Elections must be conducted regularly, with reserved seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, and women.
- State Election Commissions have been established to oversee local-level elections, reducing costs and enhancing efficiency.
- Coalition governments may face challenges, leading to the formation of alliances and reshuffling of political parties.
- The Panchayati Raj System empowers local governance through Gram Panchayats, Gram Sabhas, Panchayat Samitis, and Zilla Parishads in rural areas.
01:12:15
Local Government: Urban vs Non-Urban, Challenges Ahead
- Local government is divided into two wings: urban local government and non-urban local government.
- Urban areas have municipalities, with the head called the Municipal Chairperson, while big cities have municipal corporations with a Mayor as the political head.
- Gram Panchayats are part of local self-government, with Sarpanch as the elected representative, aiming to deepen grassroots democracy.
- Challenges in local self-government include the need for increased representation of women, ensuring equal participation in decision-making processes.
