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Federalism in 1 Shot - Everything Covered || Class 10th Board || Pure English

PW English Medium・45 minutes read

The lecture by Tanya Sharma covers the concept of federalism, power sharing, and the structure of government in India, emphasizing the importance of decentralization and autonomy at different levels. Key features of federalism, including shared power among different levels of government, are essential for promoting unity while accommodating regional diversity, as seen in countries like the United States and India.

Insights

  • Power sharing in federalism involves vertical sharing between different levels of government (nation, states, local) and horizontal sharing among branches (legislature, executive, judiciary), communities, parties, and movements.
  • Federalism in India encompasses Union, State, and Concurrent lists of subjects, with the Union list covering national matters, State list local issues, and Concurrent list common interests. Residuary subjects fall under the Union government, with linguistic States formed for better administration and a language policy recognizing Hindi and 21 other languages.

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Recent questions

  • What is federalism?

    A system dividing power between central and regional governments.

  • How does power sharing relate to federalism?

    Power is shared among different levels and organs of government.

  • What are the key features of federalism?

    Two or more levels of government with different powers.

  • What is the difference between federal and unitary systems?

    Federal system divides power, while unitary system centralizes power.

  • How does federalism work in India?

    India shares power among Union, state, and local governments.

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Summary

00:00

Understanding Federalism: Power Sharing in Democracy

  • Tanya Sharma welcomes students to the ignite batch for class 10 board in English, starting a lecture on political science about federalism.
  • The lecture covers understanding federalism, Union and federal government, federalism in India, and decentralization.
  • Power sharing in democracy is linked to federalism, with power shared among different levels and organs of government.
  • Power sharing is vertical among the nation, states, and local governments, and horizontal among legislature, executive, and judiciary.
  • Power sharing can also occur among communities, political parties, and movements.
  • In India, power is shared among the Union government, state government, and local governments like municipalities and panchayats.
  • The three tiers of government consist of the Union government, state government, and local government.
  • Federalism divides power between a central authority (Union government), state governments, and local governments.
  • In a federal system, the Union government handles national interests, while state governments manage day-to-day administration.
  • Many countries, shown in red on a world map, follow a federal political system, with 25% of countries and 40% of the world's population in federations.

19:29

Federalism: Balancing Unity and Regional Autonomy

  • Power sharing is absent, with power centralized at the national or central government level.
  • States or local governments have autonomy but do not enjoy individual power.
  • In a unitary system, there is only one level of government or subunits subordinate to the central government.
  • In a federal system, the central government cannot order state governments, allowing for autonomy.
  • Key features of federalism include two or more levels of government with different powers.
  • Jurisdiction on taxation, administration, and legislation is specified in the Constitution.
  • Changes in the Constitution require consent from both levels of government.
  • Courts have the power to interpret the Constitution and resolve disputes between levels of government.
  • Financial autonomy is specified for both levels of government.
  • The ultimate goals of federalism are to safeguard and promote unity while accommodating regional diversity.

40:57

Federalism in India: Unity in Diversity

  • United States of America, Switzerland, and Australia are examples of countries that came together to form a larger unit.
  • India, Belgium, and Spain were already larger entities that attempted to divide their power.
  • The concept of holding together involves a large community dividing power between states and the national government, known as a Federation.
  • India is declared a Union of States in the Constitution, based on federalism principles but referred to as a Union of States.
  • India's federal structure includes Union, State, and Concurrent lists of subjects, with the Union list covering national importance matters.
  • State lists include subjects of local importance, while the Concurrent list allows both Union and State governments to legislate on common interests.
  • Residuary subjects, not on any list, are legislated by the Union government, with Union laws prevailing in disputes with State laws.
  • Union Territories, ruled directly by the central government, serve as divisions under the Indian Constitution.
  • Linguistic States were created based on common culture and language, leading to the reorganization of boundaries for better administration.
  • The language policy in India recognizes Hindi as the official language alongside 21 other scheduled languages, with English also used for official purposes.

01:02:43

Indian Local Governance and Electoral Reforms

  • Uttar Pradesh is larger than Russia, while Maharashtra is equivalent in size to Germany. In 1992, five constitutionally mandated steps were taken towards regular elections, including reserved seats for SC, ST, OBC, and women, leading to the creation of an independent Election Commission.
  • Local governance in India involves Panchayati Raj in rural areas and Municipal Corporations in urban areas, with elected bodies overseeing municipalities, where the head is known as the Mayor. This system is detailed in NCERT textbooks and concludes the chapter on federalism in political science.
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