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SISI TERANG・2 minutes read

Pluto's unique landscape features red ice mountains and a heart made of nitrogen ice, with a vast orbit almost 40 times the Earth-Sun distance. Sound cannot travel in outer space due to the lack of particles, but astronauts use radio devices for communication and bone conduction technology for sound transmission.

Insights

  • Pluto's landscape features red ice mountains made of frozen methane, larger than Everest, and a white layer contrasting with its dark red texture, while its heart is a nitrogen ice plain eroded by winds, possibly due to unique tectonic plate activity, setting it apart in our solar system.
  • Deaf individuals can listen to music through bone conduction, bypassing the ears to directly transmit sound to the brain, a process utilized in some headphones, while in space, sound is absent due to the lack of particles for transmission, relying on radio devices for communication.

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Recent questions

  • What is the unique landscape of Pluto like?

    Pluto's landscape includes red ice mountains larger than Everest, covered in a white layer contrasting with dark red texture. The red color is due to tholins, a soot-like chemical falling from its atmosphere, and its heart is a nitrogen ice plain with winds causing erosion, possibly due to tectonic plate activity.

  • How does sound travel in outer space?

    Sound in outer space is absent due to the lack of particles to transmit vibrations. Astronauts rely on radio devices to hear sounds in space, as sound cannot travel in the vacuum of space due to the absence of air.

  • What causes the temperature increase in the universe?

    The universe's temperature increase is observed through redshift, allowing scientists to determine the temperature of space objects based on the wavelength of light. The rise in temperature is linked to the gravitational force attracting gas and dark matter, leading to the formation of galaxies and groups of galaxies.

  • What is the potential for life beyond Earth?

    The potential existence of ancient worlds with liquid water and primitive life forms in outer space suggests the possibility of life beyond Earth, influenced by the universe's evolving conditions. Mars has water at its poles, hidden in ice sheets and possibly beneath its dusty surface.

  • What is the composition of Saturn's rings?

    Saturn's rings are composed of dust, ice, and rock, reflecting light. Unlike the less visible rings of Neptune, Uranus, and Jupiter, Saturn's rings are expected to disappear in 300 million years.

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Summary

00:00

"Pluto's Unique Landscape and Mysteries"

  • Pluto's unique landscape includes red ice mountains made of frozen methane, larger than Everest, and covered in a white layer contrasting with the dark red texture.
  • The red color on Pluto is due to tholins, a soot-like chemical falling from its atmosphere, also found on its moon Sharon.
  • Pluto's heart is a nitrogen ice plain with winds causing erosion, possibly due to tectonic plate activity, a phenomenon unique in our solar system.
  • Pluto's distance from the sun is vast, almost 40 times the Earth-Sun distance, with a year lasting 248 Earth years.
  • Pluto's orbit is wide and sometimes intersects Neptune's, leading to varying atmospheric conditions, from a thin nitrogen layer to frozen storms.
  • Jupiter, the largest planet, is not a star due to its size, with a fast rotation of 10 hours and a failed star status.
  • Saturn's rings, composed of dust, ice, and rock, will disappear in 300 million years, unlike the less visible rings of Neptune, Uranus, and Jupiter.
  • Mars, with a reddish sky during the day and blue sunsets, has low gravity allowing for high jumps, making it a potential future home.
  • Venus, with a slow rotation and a day lasting 243 Earth days, has a dense atmosphere causing a bright light and unique sunrise and sunset directions.
  • Sound in outer space is absent due to the lack of particles to transmit vibrations, but in denser atmospheres like Venus, sound can propagate differently, offering potential for unique sounds.

15:35

"Space Sounds, Bone Conduction, and Cosmic Evolution"

  • To hear sounds in space, astronauts rely on radio devices as sound cannot travel in the vacuum of space due to the absence of air.
  • Sound can travel through metal frames and be transmitted to the brain through bones, a process known as bone conduction, which is utilized in some headphones and technologies.
  • Deaf individuals can listen to music through bone conduction, where sound bypasses the ears and is directly transmitted to the brain.
  • In space, electromagnetic waves, similar to light, are used to transmit sound between astronauts through radio waves, converting them back into sound upon reception.
  • The universe is expanding, causing stars, planets, and galaxies to move further apart, leading to an increase in temperature in cosmic gases spread throughout the universe.
  • The temperature of cosmic gases has risen significantly over the last 10 billion years, reaching up to 2 million degrees Celsius, impacting the formation of galaxies and stars.
  • The universe's temperature increase is observed through redshift, allowing scientists to determine the temperature of space objects based on the wavelength of light.
  • The universe's temperature rise is linked to the gravitational force attracting gas and dark matter, leading to the formation of galaxies and groups of galaxies.
  • The heating of gas in space due to various energy sources, such as stars and natural disasters, contributes to the formation of planets and other space objects.
  • The potential existence of ancient worlds with liquid water and primitive life forms in outer space suggests the possibility of life beyond Earth, influenced by the universe's evolving conditions.

33:24

"Water and wonders in our solar system"

  • Mars has water at its poles, hidden in ice sheets and possibly beneath its dusty surface.
  • Jupiter's moon Europa is a potential host for extraterrestrial life, possibly containing twice as much water as Earth's oceans combined.
  • Neptune, despite its distance from the sun, emits more heat than it receives, with strong winds reaching speeds of 2400 km/hour.
  • A black hole hurtling through space at 8 million km/hour, weighing as much as a billion suns, was discovered by scientists using the Hubble space telescope.
  • Venus, the hottest planet in our solar system, has super temperatures that can melt tin, high pressure, and strong winds.
  • Saturn has the most famous and interesting rings in our solar system, composed of ice that reflects light.
  • The shape of the universe is influenced by its density and rate of expansion, with three possible shapes: closed, open, or flat.
  • The sun's core is super hot, converting hydrogen into helium to produce heat and light, while the moon remains cold due to its lack of atmosphere.
  • Heat is the energy contained in an object, while temperature is the level of heat, with heat transfer occurring through convection, conduction, and radiation.
  • Water is found throughout our solar system, in the form of ice on asteroids, comets, Mercury's craters, the dark side of the moon, and Mars, encouraging the possibility of human colonies.

51:02

"Mars Core Composition and Earth's Moon Formation"

  • Mars has a core primarily composed of iron, nickel, and sulfur, with a width ranging from 1500-2000 KM, lacking significant movement, resulting in a weaker magnetic field compared to Earth. This magnetic field was only 100% of Earth's during the early formation of the solar system. The Earth initially lacked a moon, which took 100 million years to form, with the prevailing theory being the fission theory. The moon eventually settled in Earth's ecliptic plane, dispelling the Green Cheese theory.
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