ETULAY SCIENCE8 Q2 WEEK1: Earthquakes and Faults
DepEd TV - Official・9 minutes read
The module educates students on earthquake generation through fault movements, highlighting three types of faults: strike-slip, normal, and reverse, with activities to identify fault types and safe construction sites. Assessments emphasize key concepts like the nature of earthquakes and their causes, particularly focusing on regions like Japan and Indonesia that are prone to seismic activity.
Insights
- Students are taught about three main types of faults—strike-slip, normal, and reverse—each characterized by distinct movements of the Earth's crust, with reverse faults commonly found in collision zones like the Himalayas, which highlights the geological processes that lead to earthquakes.
- The module emphasizes the importance of connecting prior knowledge, utilizing pre-tests and activities to reinforce learning, and understanding that earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy due to friction between rocks, particularly in regions like Japan and Indonesia, which are prone to seismic activity due to their position in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
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Recent questions
What is an earthquake?
An earthquake is defined as the shaking of the Earth's surface that occurs due to the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust. This release of energy typically happens along faults, which are fractures or cracks in the Earth's crust where rocks can move past each other. The movement along these faults can generate seismic waves, leading to the shaking that we feel during an earthquake. Understanding earthquakes is crucial, as they can cause significant damage to structures and pose risks to human safety, particularly in regions that are seismically active.
How do faults cause earthquakes?
Faults cause earthquakes through the movement of rocks along these fractures in the Earth's crust. When stress builds up due to tectonic forces, it can exceed the friction holding the rocks together, leading to a sudden slip along the fault line. This slip releases energy in the form of seismic waves, which propagate through the Earth and result in the shaking associated with earthquakes. There are different types of faults, including strike-slip, normal, and reverse faults, each characterized by the direction of movement. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for assessing earthquake risks and implementing safety measures.
What are the types of faults?
There are three primary types of faults: strike-slip faults, normal faults, and reverse faults. Strike-slip faults occur when two blocks of crust slide past each other horizontally, often resulting in lateral movement. Normal faults happen when two blocks of crust pull apart, causing one block to drop down relative to the other, which can create valleys. Reverse faults, on the other hand, occur when one block of crust is pushed over another, typically found in areas where tectonic plates collide, such as the Himalayas. Each type of fault plays a significant role in the geological processes that lead to earthquakes.
Why do some areas experience more earthquakes?
Some areas experience more earthquakes due to their location along tectonic plate boundaries, particularly in regions known as the Pacific Ring of Fire. This area is characterized by a high level of seismic activity because it is where several tectonic plates meet and interact. The movement of these plates can lead to the buildup of stress along faults, which, when released, results in earthquakes. Countries like Japan, Indonesia, and the Philippines are particularly prone to earthquakes because they are situated in this geologically active zone, making it essential for residents to be prepared for potential seismic events.
How can I stay safe during an earthquake?
Staying safe during an earthquake involves several key preparedness strategies. First, it is important to have an emergency plan in place, including designated meeting spots and communication methods with family members. Securing heavy furniture and appliances to walls can help prevent them from tipping over during shaking. During an earthquake, individuals should "Drop, Cover, and Hold On," which means getting low to the ground, taking cover under sturdy furniture, and holding on until the shaking stops. Additionally, having an emergency kit with essential supplies can be crucial for survival in the aftermath of an earthquake.
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Summary
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Understanding Earthquake Faults and Safety
- The module focuses on understanding how movements along faults generate earthquakes, with essential reminders including taking a pre-test, reading the lesson thoroughly, and using a clean sheet of paper for activities and assessments. Students are encouraged to connect ideas from previous grades and to seek clarification from teachers when needed.
- The pre-test consists of multiple-choice questions, such as identifying a fault as a crack or break in the Earth's crust (correct answer: fault), describing the movement in a strike-slip fault (correct answer: moving sideways), and recognizing the Himalayas as an example of a reverse fault.
- Students learn about three types of faults: strike-slip faults, where rocks slide past each other horizontally; normal faults, where two blocks of crust pull apart, creating a valley; and reverse faults, where one block of crust is pushed over another, typically found in collision zones like the Himalayas.
- An activity requires students to analyze figures to determine which cities are along normal faults and to identify the safest city for building a house, with the correct answers indicating that cities CTA, CTB, and CTE are along normal faults, and city CTD is the safest for construction.
- Additional fill-in-the-blank questions reinforce key concepts, such as identifying normal faults as those where the hanging wall drops down, reverse faults where the hanging wall moves up, and strike-slip faults where walls move sideways. The term "earthquake" is defined as the shaking of the Earth's surface due to the sudden release of energy.
- The assessment includes questions about the causes of earthquakes, with correct answers indicating that friction between rocks prevents energy release, and that regions like Japan, Indonesia, and the Philippines frequently experience earthquakes due to their location within the Pacific Ring of Fire.
