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Electricity Class 10 full chapter (Animation) | Class 10 Science Chapter 12 | CBSE | NCERT

Sunlike study Science・34 minutes read

Chapter 3 of class 10 Physics covers electricity, including concepts like charges, current flow, resistivity, and electrical circuits, with practical examples and applications discussed in detail. The chapter emphasizes understanding electric current, resistance, and power calculations, as well as the differences between series and parallel combinations in electric circuits for effective transmission and utilization of electricity.

Insights

  • Electric current is the flow of charges in a material, measured in coulombs, with electrons having -1.6 * 10^-19 C and protons +1.6 * 10^-19 C, and 6.25 * 10^18 electrons in 1 coulomb of charge.
  • Resistivities of metals and alloys range from 10^-8 to 10^-6 Ohm meter, making them good conductors, while non-metals and insulators have resistivities ranging from 10^12 to 10^Ohm meter, making them poor conductors. Copper and aluminum are used for electrical transmission due to their low resistivities.

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Recent questions

  • What is electric current?

    The flow of charges in a material.

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Summary

00:00

"Essentials of Electricity in Physics Class"

  • Chapter 3 of class 10 Physics is Electricity, crucial for exams with many numericals.
  • Electric current is the flow of charges in a material or conductor.
  • Charges are properties of matter causing forces in a magnetic field.
  • Charges can be positive or negative, with like charges repelling and unlike attracting.
  • Charge is measured in coulombs, with electrons having -1.6 * 10^-19 C and protons +1.6 * 10^-19 C.
  • 6.25 * 10^18 electrons are in 1 coulomb of charge.
  • Electricity is divided into static and current types, with static not flowing.
  • Current electricity involves systematic flow of charges in a metal wire.
  • Current is charge flow per unit time, measured in amperes (A), with milliampere and microampere as smaller units.
  • Electric circuits transmit electricity, with ammeters measuring current and voltmeters measuring potential difference.

14:11

"Electric Conductors, Insulators, and Register Combinations"

  • Resistivities are constant and range from 10^-8 to 10^-6 Ohm meter for metals and alloys, making them good conductors.
  • Non-metals and insulators have resistivities ranging from 10^12 to 10^Ohm meter, making them poor conductors.
  • Copper and aluminum are used for electrical transmission due to their low resistivities.
  • Practical numerical examples involve finding current based on given potential difference and resistance values.
  • Example 12.4 demonstrates calculating current when potential difference changes using Ohm's law.
  • Example 12.6 involves finding resistance changes in a material when length and area of cross-section are altered.
  • Registers are components that regulate electric current flow, allowing or limiting it.
  • When registers are connected in series, total resistance is the sum of individual resistances.
  • When registers are connected in parallel, total resistance is calculated differently, and it decreases compared to series connection.
  • Advantages of parallel combination include continued current flow even if one register fails and the ability to power different appliances with varying current needs.

27:44

Advantages of Parallel Combination in Appliances

  • Parallel combination is commonly used in appliances due to its advantages over series combination, particularly having lower total resistance.
  • The heating effect of electric current occurs when current passes through a conductor, causing it to heat up and produce heat.
  • The movement of free electrons in a conductor connected to a battery generates heat as they collide with atoms, converting energy into heat.
  • Formulas related to heat include q = i * t, h = v, and h = i * s * r * t, with heat being measured in joules.
  • Joule's Law of Heating states that the heat generated is directly proportional to the square of current, resistance, and time.
  • Practical applications of the heating effect of electric current include electric fuses and bulbs, where the heating effect is desirable or undesirable based on the device.
  • Electric power is the electric energy consumed per unit time, represented in watts, with formulas like p = v * i and commercial units like kilowatt-hour commonly used for billing electricity usage.
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