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Delhi Sultanate | Slave Dynasty (1206-1290AD) | Medieval History #parcham

Parcham Classes・23 minutes read

Arab and Turkish invasions led to the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate in India, starting with Mohammad Ghori's victory over Prithviraj Chauhan in the Battle of Tarain in 1192. The Sultanate saw the rule of various dynasties, with key figures like Qutubuddin Aibak, Altamash, Razia Sultan, and Balban shaping its history through military conquests and administrative reforms.

Insights

  • The Battle of Tarain between Prithviraj Chauhan and Mohammad Ghori marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire in India, distinct from the Delhi Sultanate, showcasing the shift in power dynamics and the emergence of a new ruling entity.
  • Qutubuddin Aibak, a slave who rose to power under Mohammad Ghori, founded the Delhi Sultanate and initiated the Slave Dynasty, demonstrating how individuals from diverse backgrounds could ascend to influential positions and shape the course of history through diplomacy and military acumen.

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Recent questions

  • Who initiated the Delhi Sultanate?

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  • What marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire in India?

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  • Who succeeded Razia Sultan?

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Summary

00:00

"Delhi Sultanate: Rise of Islamic Empires"

  • Arab and Turkish people came to India, attacked, and aimed to propagate Islam and accumulate wealth.
  • Mohammad Ghori expanded his territory to Delhi-Lahore-Bhatinda, leading to the Battle of Tarain against Prithviraj Chauhan.
  • Prithviraj Chauhan initially won, but Mohammad Ghori emerged victorious in the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192.
  • The Battle of Tarain marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire in India, distinct from the Delhi Sultanate.
  • Mohammad Ghori's death led to Qutubuddin Aibak starting the Delhi government, initiating the Slave Dynasty.
  • The Delhi Sultanate lasted from 1206 to 1526, comprising five dynasties: Slave, Khilji, Tughlaq, Syed, and Lodhi.
  • The Slave Dynasty, from 1206 to 1210, was the first within the Delhi Sultanate.
  • Qutubuddin Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate, was a slave who rose to power under Mohammad Ghori.
  • Qutubuddin Aibak's diplomatic skills and military prowess earned him the title of Malik from Mohammad Ghori.
  • Qutubuddin Aibak's rule saw the construction of the Qutub Minar and the conversion of a Sanskrit University into a mosque.

15:10

Delhi Sultanate: Altamash to Balban's Reign

  • A group called 'Chehra Ne' was formed by Altamash to please the rich, consisting of 40 people known as 'Tahal Gane'.
  • Genghis Khan attacked Central Asia in the 80s, but did not attack India, focusing on treating all religions well.
  • Altamash became the first Velvet Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate, shifting the capital from Lahore to Delhi.
  • Altamash initiated a unity system, paying soldiers with land instead of salaries and minting pure Arabic coins.
  • Altamash built the Jama Masjid of Badaun and Nagpur, shifting leadership to Razia Sultan after his death.
  • Razia Sultan, the first Muslim woman to rule Delhi, faced opposition due to her gender, leading to her eventual assassination.
  • Balban succeeded Razia Sultan, implementing a Blood and Iron policy, following Iranian culture, and establishing an intelligence department.
  • Balban introduced the Navrat Navroz Sehwag festival and a military department named Diwan Hairs.
  • Balban enforced strict land ownership policies, taking back land from future generations to strengthen state control.
  • Balban's reign saw the suppression of the unity system and the consolidation of power through military and intelligence reforms.
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