Countering China: How the Philippines Became Key to U.S.'s Pacific Strategy | WSJ

Recent questions

• What is the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement?

  The Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) is a military pact between the United States and the Philippines that allows for increased American military presence and access to Philippine bases. Under this agreement, the US has expanded its operational sites in the Philippines, which now includes nine locations. This expansion is strategically significant as it enhances the US military's ability to respond to regional threats, particularly in the context of rising tensions in the South China Sea and around Taiwan. The agreement aims to bolster defense cooperation and readiness between the two nations, reflecting a commitment to mutual security interests in the face of growing challenges in the region.

• Why is the Luzon Strait important?

  The Luzon Strait is a critical maritime passage that connects the South China Sea to the Pacific Ocean, making it a vital shipping lane for international trade and military operations. Its strategic importance has been underscored by Major General Joseph Ryan, who highlighted that US forces are prepared to respond to potential conflicts in this area, particularly concerning Taiwan. The strait's location allows for the monitoring of naval movements and serves as a key point for military logistics and operations. As tensions in the region escalate, control and access to the Luzon Strait become increasingly significant for both military strategy and economic interests.

• How has the US military presence changed in the Philippines?

  The US military presence in the Philippines has significantly increased under the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement, with operational sites expanding from five to nine. This change reflects a strategic pivot to enhance military readiness and cooperation between the US and Philippine forces. The increased presence includes conducting live-fire exercises with advanced weaponry, which marks a notable escalation in military drills compared to previous years. This expansion is part of a broader strategy to counterbalance China's growing influence in the region, particularly in light of its militarization of the South China Sea and assertive territorial claims.

• What actions has China taken in the South China Sea?

  China has taken aggressive actions in the South China Sea by militarizing the region, which includes the construction of artificial islands and the assertion of territorial claims over disputed waters. These actions have led to heightened tensions with neighboring countries, including the Philippines, which has reported harassment of its vessels by Chinese forces. The Philippines views these incursions as violations of its sovereignty, prompting concerns about regional stability and security. China's assertiveness in the South China Sea has significant implications for international shipping routes and geopolitical dynamics, leading to increased military cooperation among countries like the US, Japan, Australia, and South Korea.

• How is the US responding to China's influence?

  In response to China's growing military influence in the Asia-Pacific region, the US is actively strengthening its alliances with key partners such as Japan, Australia, and South Korea. This strategy includes expediting arms sales to Taiwan, which is seen as a critical move to counterbalance China's assertiveness and support Taiwan's defense capabilities. The US aims to enhance regional security through collaborative military exercises and increased defense cooperation, thereby deterring potential aggression from China. This multifaceted approach reflects a commitment to maintaining a free and open Indo-Pacific, ensuring that allies are prepared to address the challenges posed by China's military expansion and territorial claims.