What are the main components of the Earth's structure?

Core, mantle, crust - internal, external, lower, upper.

What distinguishes oceanic and continental crust?

Altitude, composition, geological features, density differences.

Altitude ranges, percentage of surface area.

Granite, gneiss - sedimentary, magmatic, metamorphic rocks.

Mass, volume displacement, grams per cubic centimeter.

The Earth's structure is divided into the core, mantle, and crust, with the lithosphere being rigid and composed of the core and mantle, while the asthenosphere is ductile and part of the upper mantle.
The differences in elevation between oceanic and continental crusts are significant, with oceanic crust featuring abyssal plains and trenches like the Mariana Trench at an average altitude of -3180 meters, while continental crust comprises mountains and plains with an average altitude of +840 meters, showcasing the distinct geological features of each type of crust.

What are the main components of the Earth's structure?
Core, mantle, crust - internal, external, lower, upper.
What distinguishes oceanic and continental crust?
Altitude, composition, geological features, density differences.
How is the distribution of relief on Earth depicted?
Altitude ranges, percentage of surface area.
What are the primary rock compositions in the continental crust?
Granite, gneiss - sedimentary, magmatic, metamorphic rocks.
How are density measurements used to differentiate crust types?
Mass, volume displacement, grams per cubic centimeter.

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The Earth's structure consists of the core (internal and external), mantle (lower and upper), and crust (oceanic or continental).
The lithosphere is a rigid layer composed of the core and mantle, while the asthenosphere is ductile and part of the upper mantle.
The contrast between oceanic and continental crust is examined through elevation profiles on Google Earth.
Oceanic crust features abyssal plains, underwater volcanoes, and trenches like the Mariana Trench, with an average altitude of -3180 meters.
Continental crust includes mountains, plains, and slopes, with an average altitude of +840 meters.
The distribution of relief on Earth shows 23% of the surface with altitudes between -4 and -5000 meters and 20% with altitudes from 0 to 1 km.
The oceanic crust, denser than the continental crust, was explored by vessels like the Global Challenger and Nautile, revealing basalt and gabbro formations.
Oceanic crust layers consist of basalt, gabbro, and serpentinite, with basalt showing microcrystalline structures like olivine crystals.
The geological map of France displays sedimentary, magmatic, and metamorphic rocks in different regions like Bordeaux, Pays de la Loire, Nancy, and Brest.
The upper continental crust is primarily composed of sedimentary rocks (11%), with magmatic (44.5%) and metamorphic rocks (44.5%) making up the rest, with deeper layers showing more magmatic and metamorphic rocks.

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The continental crust primarily consists of granite and gneiss, with granite characterized by large white crystals, small black biotite crystals, and transparent white or pink quartz crystals.
Gneiss, observed under a polarizing microscope, reveals dark beds of mica and biotite, along with lighter beds of feldspar and quartz, forming distinct layers of different colors.
The chemical composition of rocks in the continental and oceanic crusts varies, with silicon and oxygen being predominant, while magnesium is found in basalt and gabbro, and potassium and aluminum are prevalent in granite.
Density measurements of rocks involve calculating the mass of a sample and the volume it displaces in water, with densities expressed in grams per cubic centimeter, aiding in understanding the differences between the continental and oceanic crusts.
The contrasting densities of the oceanic and continental crusts explain the differences in their average altitudes, with oceanic reliefs deeper than continental ones, reflecting the varying nature and density of rocks in each crust.