class 11 biology concept of texonomy

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Taxonomy involves identifying, naming, and classifying plants and animals based on their similarities and differences. The text outlines the historical development of classification systems, discussing the transition from the Kingdom system to the Five Kingdom system to more accurately categorize organisms.

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Taxonomy involves identifying, naming, and classifying plants and animals based on similarities and differences, with Carl Linnaeus introducing the binomial system of nomenclature using genus and species names.
The development of classification systems progressed from the Kingdom system by Carl Linnaeus to the more comprehensive Five Kingdom system by R.H. Whittaker, which considered criteria like cell complexity, body structure, nutrition, ecosystem role, and reproduction method to accurately categorize organisms, addressing evolutionary relationships and phylogeny.

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Recent questions

What is taxonomy?
The branch of biology classifying plants and animals.
Who is considered the father of taxonomy?
Ptolemy and Carl Linnaeus are notable figures.
What are the main systems of classification in taxonomy?
Artificial, natural, and phylogenetic systems are used.
How are scientific names of plants and animals written?
Using binomial nomenclature with genus and species names.
What are the ranks in the taxonomic hierarchy?
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

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Summary

00:00

"Taxonomy: Classification of Plants and Animals"

Taxonomy is the branch of biology dealing with the identification, nomenclature, and classification of plants and animals.
Ptolemy is considered the father of taxonomy, starting the classification of living beings into plants and animals.
Taxonomy involves identification, which is the process of determining the exact position of plants and animals in the plant kingdom.
Nomenclature is the process of giving scientific names to plants and animals to distinguish them from others.
Classification groups plants and animals based on their similarities and dissimilarities, arranging them into different groups.
Carl Linnaeus, known as the father of taxonomy, introduced the binomial system of nomenclature, using two words to name species.
Linnaeus classified living beings into two kingdoms, plants, and animals, and wrote important books like "Species Plantarum" and "Systema Naturae."
Linnaeus's classification system is based on external characteristics, forming an artificial system of classification.
The artificial system of classification considers external similarities and dissimilarities to group plants and animals.
Taxonomy involves three main systems of classification: artificial, natural, and phylogenetic, each based on different criteria for grouping plants and animals.

22:47

Plant Classification and Scientific Naming Essentials

Classification of plants includes herbs, shrubs, and trees based on their height.
Artificial system of classification categorizes plants and animals based on external characteristics like flying or non-flying.
Natural system of classification considers internal and external characteristics, anatomy, physiology, and genetics.
Phylogenetic system of classification focuses on evolutionary history and relationships between organisms.
Recent trend in classification favors natural and phylogenetic systems due to their scientific accuracy.
Scientific names of plants and animals are written using binomial nomenclature, consisting of genus and species names.
Local names vary regionally and are not suitable for scientific purposes, necessitating the use of scientific names.
Rules for writing scientific names include capitalizing the first letter of the genus and italicizing the names when printed.
Scientific names are written in Latin and must have a minimum of three and a maximum of twelve letters.
Abbreviations of the scientist who first identified the species are included after the species name in scientific nomenclature.

43:49

Taxonomic Hierarchy: Levels and Classification of Species

Arco plan and bonito planner are coplanar with disturbances, leading to species with similar scientific names.
Genus and species can be represented by the same name in some cases, like in the example of the king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah).
Taxonomic hierarchy involves seven ranks: Kingdom, Phylum/Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
Taxonomic hierarchy is a system of classification done in different levels or positions, with species being the basic unit.
The species is a group of individuals genetically similar and capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
Species is the lowest rank in the taxonomic hierarchy and is crucial in classification.
Taxonomic hierarchy includes seven major steps: Kingdom, Phylum/Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
Kingdom is the highest category in the classification system, while species is the lowest unit.
Taxonomic hierarchy involves classifying plants and animals in all steps to complete the classification.
Kingdom system categorizes living beings into two kingdoms: Plant and Animal, with distinct characteristics for each.

01:04:35

Evolutionary Classification: From Kingdoms to Five

The text discusses the historical development of the classification system, starting with the Kingdom system proposed by Carl Linnaeus.
Linnaeus proposed a two-tier system classifying organisms into Kingdoms based on their characteristics, such as plants and animals.
The drawbacks of the Kingdom system included grouping unicellular and multicellular organisms together, like amoebas and animals, which was not accurate.
Another drawback was the grouping of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms together, like bacteria and algae, which did not reflect their evolutionary relationships.
The text introduces the Five Kingdom system proposed by R.H. Whittaker in 1969, which aimed to address the limitations of the Kingdom system.
The Five Kingdom system classified organisms based on five criteria: complexity of cells, complexity of body structure, mode of nutrition, role in the ecosystem, and reproduction method.
The Five Kingdom system categorized organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia based on these criteria.
The system aimed to accurately classify organisms based on their characteristics, such as the complexity of their cells and body structures.
The text highlights the importance of considering evolutionary relationships and phylogeny in classification systems, which the Kingdom system did not address.
The Five Kingdom system aimed to provide a more comprehensive and accurate classification of organisms, taking into account various criteria for classification.

01:23:31

Classification of Organisms into Five Kingdoms

The text discusses the classification of organisms into five kingdoms based on specific criteria.
It details the criteria used for classification, including complexity of cells, complexity of body, mode of nutrition, and more.
The text explains the characters of Protista, including examples like Paramecium and Plasmodium.
It highlights the characters of Animalia, including examples such as human beings and cows.
The advantages of using the parking system over the looking system are outlined, emphasizing the ease of classification and clarity regarding bacteria.
The text mentions the distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, with prokaryotes placed in the Monera kingdom and eukaryotes distributed among the other four kingdoms.
It notes the significance of considering the roles of organisms in ecosystems and their mode of nutrition in classification.
The text concludes by mentioning the widespread use of the piping system and the replacement of the two-kingdom system with the parking system in higher levels of classification.

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