Chemiosmosis
SLCC BIOL Videos・4 minutes read
ATP is regenerated through an anabolic endergonic reaction by the enzyme ATP synthase using energy from catabolism of glucose, mainly through chemiosmosis powered by hydrogen ion flow, with over 80% of ATP production during glucose breakdown attributed to this mechanism.
Insights
- ATP is generated through an anabolic endergonic reaction using ADP and inorganic phosphate, fueled by the energy released during the exergonic catabolism of glucose in cellular respiration.
- ATP synthase, a crucial enzyme found in various membranes, facilitates ATP synthesis by utilizing the energy from hydrogen ions flowing down their concentration gradient through chemiosmosis, playing a significant role in producing over 80% of ATP during glucose breakdown.
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Recent questions
What is ATP regenerated from?
ADP and inorganic phosphate
What enzyme synthesizes ATP?
ATP synthase
How does ATP synthase function?
Through chemiosmosis
Where is ATP synthase located?
Inner membrane of mitochondria
What provides energy for ATP regeneration?
Exergonic catabolism of glucose
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Summary
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ATP Synthase: Regenerating Energy for Cells
- ATP is regenerated from ADP and an inorganic phosphate group through an anabolic endergonic reaction, with the energy required for this process coming from the exergonic catabolism of glucose and other food molecules during cellular respiration.
- The enzyme responsible for synthesizing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphates is ATP synthase, a large quaternary protein complex embedded in membranes like the inner membrane of mitochondria, thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, and the plasma membrane of bacteria. This enzyme functions through chemiosmosis, where the flow of hydrogen ions down their concentration gradient powers the endergonic reaction that regenerates ATP, with more than 80% of ATP production during glucose breakdown attributed to this process.
